ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
Department of General, Vascular, Thoracic, and Visceral Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
Molecules. 2022 Jul 15;27(14):4519. doi: 10.3390/molecules27144519.
Gas plasma is an approved technology that generates a plethora of reactive oxygen species, which are actively applied for chronic wound healing. Its particular antimicrobial action has spurred interest in other medical fields, such as periodontitis in dentistry. Recent work has indicated the possibility of performing gas plasma-mediated biofilm removal on teeth. Teeth frequently contain restoration materials for filling cavities, e.g., resin-based composites. However, it is unknown if such materials are altered upon gas plasma exposure. To this end, we generated a new in-house workflow for three commonly used resin-based composites following gas plasma treatment and incubated the material with human HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro. Cytotoxicity was investigated by metabolic activity analysis, flow cytometry, and quantitative high-content fluorescence imaging. The inflammatory consequences were assessed using quantitative analysis of 13 different chemokines and cytokines in the culture supernatants. Hydrogen peroxide served as the control condition. A modest but significant cytotoxic effect was observed in the metabolic activity and viability after plasma treatment for all three composites. This was only partially treatment time-dependent and the composites alone affected the cells to some extent, as evident by differential secretion profiles of VEGF, for example. Gas plasma composite modification markedly elevated the secretion of IL6, IL8, IL18, and CCL2, with the latter showing the highest correlation with treatment time (Pearson’s r > 0.95). Cell culture media incubated with gas plasma-treated composite chips and added to cells thereafter could not replicate the effects, pointing to the potential that surface modifications elicited the findings. In conclusion, our data suggest that gas plasma treatment modifies composite material surfaces to a certain extent, leading to measurable but overall modest biological effects.
气体等离子体是一种经过批准的技术，它会产生大量的活性氧物质，这些物质被积极应用于慢性伤口愈合。其特殊的抗菌作用引起了人们对其他医学领域的兴趣，例如牙科中的牙周炎。最近的研究表明，有可能对牙齿进行气体等离子体介导的生物膜去除。牙齿经常包含用于填充腔的修复材料，例如基于树脂的复合材料。然而，尚不清楚这些材料在气体等离子体暴露后是否会发生变化。为此，我们针对三种常用的基于树脂的复合材料生成了一种新的内部工作流程，随后对其进行气体等离子体处理，并将材料与体外培养的人 HaCaT 角质形成细胞孵育。通过代谢活性分析、流式细胞术和定量高内涵荧光成像来研究细胞毒性。通过定量分析培养上清液中的 13 种不同趋化因子和细胞因子来评估炎症后果。过氧化氢作为对照条件。在等离子体处理后，所有三种复合材料的代谢活性和活力均观察到适度但显著的细胞毒性作用。这种作用部分上仅与处理时间有关，而且复合材料本身在一定程度上也会影响细胞，例如 VEGF 的分泌谱就有所不同。气体等离子体复合材料的改性显著增加了 IL6、IL8、IL18 和 CCL2 的分泌，其中后者与处理时间的相关性最高（Pearson r > 0.95）。用气体等离子体处理的复合芯片孵育细胞培养介质，然后添加到细胞中，无法复制这些效果，这表明表面改性引发了这些发现。总之，我们的数据表明，气体等离子体处理会在一定程度上改变复合材料表面，从而导致可测量但总体上适度的生物学效应。
