Paediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Sant'Orsola, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Specialty School of Pediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Nutrients. 2022 Jul 21;14(14):2992. doi: 10.3390/nu14142992.
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common in childhood and represent one of the main causes of hospitalization in this population. In recent years, many studies have described the association between gut microbiota (GM) composition and RTIs in animal models. In particular, the "inter-talk" between GM and the immune system has recently been unveiled. However, the role of GM in human, and especially infantile, RTIs has not yet been fully established. In this narrative review we provide an up-to-date overview of the physiological pathways that explain how the GM shapes the immune system, potentially influencing the response to common childhood respiratory viral infections and compare studies analysing the relationship between GM composition and RTIs in children. Most studies provide evidence of GM dysbiosis, but it is not yet possible to identify a distinct bacterial signature associated with RTI predisposition. A better understanding of GM involvement in RTIs could lead to innovative integrated GM-based strategies for the prevention and treatment of RTIs in the paediatric population.
呼吸道感染（RTIs）在儿童中很常见，是该人群住院的主要原因之一。近年来，许多研究已经在动物模型中描述了肠道微生物组（GM）组成与 RTIs 之间的关联。特别是，GM 与免疫系统之间的“相互作用”最近被揭示出来。然而，GM 在人类，特别是婴儿 RTIs 中的作用尚未完全确定。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们提供了最新的概述，解释了 GM 如何塑造免疫系统的生理途径，从而可能影响对常见儿童呼吸道病毒感染的反应，并比较了分析 GM 组成与儿童 RTIs 之间关系的研究。大多数研究都提供了 GM 失调的证据，但目前还不可能确定与 RTIs 易感性相关的特定细菌特征。更好地了解 GM 在 RTIs 中的作用可能会导致针对儿科人群 RTIs 的基于 GM 的创新性综合策略。
Zotero 插件