Popovici Violeta, Bucur Laura, Gîrd Cerasela Elena, Popescu Antoanela, Matei Elena, Cozaru Georgeta Camelia, Schröder Verginica, Ozon Emma Adriana, Fița Ancuța Cătălina, Lupuliasa Dumitru, Aschie Mariana, Caraiane Aureliana, Botnarciuc Mihaela, Badea Victoria
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 7 Ilarie Voronca Street, 900684 Constanta, Romania.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University of Constanta, 6 Capitan Al. Serbanescu Street, 900001 Constanta, Romania.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022 Jul 4;15(7):829. doi: 10.3390/ph15070829.
Phenolic compounds represent an essential bioactive metabolites group with numerous pharmaceutical applications. Our study aims to identify and quantify phenolic constituents of various liquid and dry extracts of (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg () from Calimani Mountains, Romania, and investigate their bioactivities. The extracts in acetone, 96% ethanol, and water with the same dried lichen/solvent ratio (/) were obtained through two conventional techniques: maceration (UBA, UBE, and UBW) and Soxhlet extraction (UBA, UBE, and UBW). High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) was performed for usnic acid (UA) and different polyphenols quantification. Then, the total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging activity (AA) were determined through spectrophotometric methods. Using the disc diffusion method (DDM), the antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria known for their pathogenicity: (ATCC 25923), (ATCC 49619), (ATCC 27853), and (ATCC 13883). All extracts contain phenolic compounds expressed as TPC values. Five lichen extracts display various UA contents; this significant metabolite was not detected in UBW. Six polyphenols from the standards mixture were quantified only in ethanol and water extracts; UBE has all individual polyphenols, while UBE shows only two. Three polyphenols were detected in UBW, but none was found in UBW. All extracts had antiradical activity; however, only ethanol and acetone extracts proved inhibitory activity against , , and . In contrast, was strongly resistant (IZD = 0). Data analysis evidenced a high positive correlation between the phenolic constituents and bioactivities of each extract. Associating these extracts' properties with both conventional techniques used for their preparation revealed the extraction conditions' significant influence on lichen extracts metabolites profiling, with a powerful impact on their pharmacological potential.
酚类化合物是一类重要的生物活性代谢产物，具有众多医药应用。我们的研究旨在鉴定和定量来自罗马尼亚卡利马尼山脉的（地衣名）的各种液体和干燥提取物中的酚类成分，并研究它们的生物活性。以相同的干燥地衣/溶剂比例（/），通过两种传统技术获得丙酮、96%乙醇和水的提取物：浸渍法（UBA、UBE和UBW）和索氏提取法（UBA、UBE和UBW）。采用带二极管阵列检测的高效液相色谱法（HPLC-DAD）对松萝酸（UA）和不同多酚进行定量。然后，通过分光光度法测定总酚含量（TPC）和2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基清除活性（AA）。使用纸片扩散法（DDM），评估对已知具有致病性的革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的抗菌活性：（ATCC 25923）、（ATCC 49619）、（ATCC 27853）和（ATCC 13883）。所有提取物都含有以TPC值表示的酚类化合物。五种地衣提取物显示出不同的UA含量；在UBW中未检测到这种重要的代谢产物。标准混合物中的六种多酚仅在乙醇和水提取物中被定量；UBE含有所有单独的多酚，而UBW仅显示两种。在UBW中检测到三种多酚，但在UBW中未发现。所有地衣提取物都具有抗自由基活性；然而，只有乙醇和丙酮提取物对、和表现出抑制活性。相比之下，具有很强的抗性（抑菌圈直径IZD = 0）。数据分析表明，每种地衣提取物的酚类成分与生物活性之间存在高度正相关。将这些提取物的特性与用于制备它们的两种传统技术相关联，揭示了提取条件对地衣提取物代谢物谱的显著影响，对其药理潜力有强大影响。
