Szpakowski Piotr, Ksiazek-Winiarek Dominika, Turniak-Kusy Malgorzata, Pacan Ilona, Glabinski Andrzej
Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Biomedicines. 2022 Jul 22;10(8):1769. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10081769.
For a long time, astrocytes were considered a passive brain cell population. However, recently, many studies have shown that their role in the central nervous system (CNS) is more active. Previously, it was stated that there are two main functional phenotypes of astrocytes. However, nowadays, it is clear that there is rather a broad spectrum of these phenotypes. The major goal of this study was to evaluate the production of some inflammatory chemokines and neurotrophic factors by primary human astrocytes after pro- or anti-inflammatory stimulation. We observed that only astrocytes induced by inflammatory mediators TNFα/IL-1a/C1q produced CXCL10, CCL1, and CXCL13 chemokines. Unstimulated astrocytes and those cultured with anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, or TGF-β1) did not produce these chemokines. Interestingly, astrocytes cultured in proinflammatory conditions significantly decreased the release of neurotrophic factor PDGF-A, as compared to unstimulated astrocytes. However, in response to anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β1, astrocytes significantly increased PDGF-A production compared to the medium alone. The production of another studied neurotrophic factor BDNF was not influenced by pro- or anti-inflammatory stimulation. The secretory response was accompanied by changes in HLA-DR, CD83, and GFAP expression. Our study confirms that astrocytes differentially respond to pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli, especially to inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1a, and C1q, suggesting their role in leukocyte recruitment.
长期以来，星形胶质细胞被认为是一类被动的脑细胞群体。然而，最近许多研究表明它们在中枢神经系统（CNS）中的作用更为活跃。此前，有人指出星形胶质细胞有两种主要的功能表型。然而，如今很明显这些表型的范围相当广泛。本研究的主要目的是评估原代人星形胶质细胞在促炎或抗炎刺激后某些炎性趋化因子和神经营养因子的产生情况。我们观察到，只有由炎性介质TNFα/IL-1α/C1q诱导的星形胶质细胞会产生CXCL10、CCL1和CXCL13趋化因子。未受刺激的星形胶质细胞以及与抗炎细胞因子（IL-4、IL-10或TGF-β1）一起培养的星形胶质细胞不会产生这些趋化因子。有趣的是，与未受刺激的星形胶质细胞相比，在促炎条件下培养的星形胶质细胞显著降低了神经营养因子PDGF-A的释放。然而，与单独的培养基相比，响应抗炎细胞因子TGF-β1时，星形胶质细胞显著增加了PDGF-A的产生。另一种研究的神经营养因子BDNF的产生不受促炎或抗炎刺激的影响。分泌反应伴随着HLA-DR、CD83和GFAP表达的变化。我们的研究证实，星形胶质细胞对促炎和抗炎刺激有不同反应，尤其是对炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1α和C1q，这表明它们在白细胞募集中的作用。
