Wójcik Grzegorz, Wontorczyk Antoni, Barańska Ilona
Department of Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Jul 8;13:931391. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.931391. eCollection 2022.
Burnout has been recognized as a serious health problem. Nurses as a professional group are at a high risk of burnout occurrence, especially when facing burden associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite evidence that higher job demands lead to burnout, there is less known about the indirect effect of job demands and resources on burnout via surface acting. Using the JD-R framework, this study examined how job demands and resources affected burnout among Polish nurses and whether these relationships are mediated by surface acting and moderated by coping with the workload.
A sample of 270 nurses from the biggest hospital in Southern Poland filled out an online questionnaire at the time between the fourth and the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. The Polish adaptations of Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), Organizational Constraints Scale (OCS), Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale (ICAWS), Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS), and Emotional Labor Scale (ELS) were used. Mediation and moderation analyses were carried out in the SPSS macro-PROCESS.
Surface acting partially mediated the positive association between organizational constraints and interpersonal conflict at work and burnout, as well as the negative association between the perceived organizational support and burnout. Coping with workload moderated the direct effect of organizational constraints on burnout via surface acting.
The findings enrich the knowledge of the mediating and moderating mechanisms to explain the association between job demands, resources and burnout among nurses. There have been proposed interventions concerning increasing organizational support, effective emotional regulation of management education and psychological training regarding adequate coping strategies which could help reduce or prevent the occurrence of burnout in this professional group.
职业倦怠已被公认为一个严重的健康问题。护士作为一个职业群体，出现职业倦怠的风险很高，尤其是在面对与新冠疫情相关的负担时。尽管有证据表明较高的工作需求会导致职业倦怠，但关于工作需求和资源通过表面行为对职业倦怠产生的间接影响却知之甚少。本研究运用工作要求-资源（JD-R）框架，探讨工作需求和资源如何影响波兰护士的职业倦怠，以及这些关系是否通过表面行为介导，并受到应对工作量的调节。
在波兰新冠疫情第四波和第五波期间，从波兰南部最大的医院抽取了270名护士作为样本，填写一份在线问卷。使用了波兰版的奥尔登堡倦怠量表（OLBI）、组织约束量表（OCS）、工作中的人际冲突量表（ICAWS）、工作生活领域调查问卷（AWS）和情绪劳动量表（ELS）。在SPSS宏程序PROCESS中进行中介和调节分析。
表面行为部分介导了组织约束与工作中的人际冲突和职业倦怠之间的正相关，以及感知到的组织支持与职业倦怠之间的负相关。应对工作量调节了组织约束通过表面行为对职业倦怠的直接影响。
这些发现丰富了关于中介和调节机制的知识，以解释护士工作需求、资源与职业倦怠之间的关联。已提出了一些干预措施，包括增加组织支持、对管理教育进行有效的情绪调节以及开展关于适当应对策略的心理培训，这些措施可能有助于减少或预防该职业群体中职业倦怠的发生。
