Department of Sport Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Sport Sciences Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2022 Nov;247(21):1898-1906. doi: 10.1177/15353702221113862. Epub 2022 Aug 3.
Exercise and diet are two essential interventions in weight control. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two exercise training types during a ketogenic diet (KD) on appetite sensation, appetite-regulating hormones, and body composition in overweight or obese man. Thirty-six men, overweight or with obesity, voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups, including KD ( = 12), aerobic training during KD (AT-KD) ( = 12), and resistance training during KD (RT-KD) ( = 12) groups. The participants followed a low-carbohydrate diet for 6 weeks. Exercise training programs consisted of three sessions per week over 6 weeks. Appetite sensation was analyzed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) in fasting and postprandial states. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method analyzed appetite-regulating hormones, including spexin, leptin, and acylated ghrelin, in a fasting state. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Furthermore, the ketosis state was monitored by measuring urinary ketones weekly. The results indicated that in both AT-KD and RT-KD groups, spexin and acylated ghrelin increased while leptin decreased without any between-group differences. Hunger and prospective food consumption (PFC) declined while satiety and fullness increased in all groups. The AT-KD group experienced a significant decrease in hunger and PFC, while fullness increased compared with the KD group. Fat mass, weight, and body mass index (BMI) decreased in all groups. Lean body mass increased in the RT-KD group (+2.66 kg) compared with both AT-KD and KD groups (-1.71 and -1.33 kg, respectively). This study demonstrated that AT-KD and RT-KD effectively altered appetite-regulating hormones and suppressed appetite sensation. In addition, both interventions had a favorable effect on weight loss and body fat reduction, with a more pronounced effect of RT-KD on maintaining lean body mass in overweight or obese men.
运动和饮食是控制体重的两种重要干预手段。本研究的目的是比较两种运动训练类型在生酮饮食（KD）期间对超重或肥胖男性的食欲感觉、食欲调节激素和身体成分的影响。36 名超重或肥胖的男性自愿参加了这项研究。参与者被随机分为三组，包括 KD 组（n=12）、KD 期间的有氧运动训练（AT-KD）组（n=12）和 KD 期间的抗阻运动训练（RT-KD）组（n=12）。参与者遵循低碳水化合物饮食 6 周。运动训练方案包括 6 周内每周 3 次训练。在空腹和餐后状态下使用视觉模拟量表（VAS）分析食欲感觉。酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法分析空腹状态下的食欲调节激素，包括 Spexin、瘦素和酰化 ghrelin。使用生物电阻抗分析（BIA）测量身体成分。此外，每周通过测量尿酮来监测酮症状态。结果表明，在 AT-KD 和 RT-KD 组中，Spexin 和酰化 ghrelin 增加，而瘦素降低，但两组之间没有差异。饥饿感和预期食物摄入量（PFC）下降，而饱腹感和满足感增加。与 KD 组相比，AT-KD 组的饥饿感和 PFC 显著下降，而饱腹感增加。所有组的脂肪量、体重和体重指数（BMI）均降低。RT-KD 组的去脂体重增加（+2.66kg），而 AT-KD 组和 KD 组分别减少（-1.71kg 和-1.33kg）。本研究表明，AT-KD 和 RT-KD 有效地改变了食欲调节激素并抑制了食欲感觉。此外，两种干预措施均对减肥和体脂减少有有利影响，RT-KD 对超重或肥胖男性维持去脂体重的效果更为明显。
