Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China.
Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
Small. 2022 Sep;18(35):e2107407. doi: 10.1002/smll.202107407. Epub 2022 Aug 7.
Ocean acidification is considered detrimental to marine calcifiers, but mounting contradictory evidence suggests a need to revisit this concept. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to critically re-evaluate the prevailing paradigm of negative effects of ocean acidification on calcifiers. Based on 5153 observations from 985 studies, many calcifiers (e.g., echinoderms, crustaceans, and cephalopods) are found to be tolerant to near-future ocean acidification (pH ≈ 7.8 by the year 2100), but coccolithophores, calcifying algae, and corals appear to be sensitive. Calcifiers are generally more sensitive at the larval stage than adult stage. Over 70% of the observations in growth and calcification are non-negative, implying the acclimation capacity of many calcifiers to ocean acidification. This capacity can be mediated by phenotypic plasticity (e.g., physiological, mineralogical, structural, and molecular adjustments), transgenerational plasticity, increased food availability, or species interactions. The results suggest that the impacts of ocean acidification on calcifiers are less deleterious than initially thought as their adaptability has been underestimated. Therefore, in the forthcoming era of ocean acidification research, it is advocated that studying how marine organisms persist is as important as studying how they perish, and that future hypotheses and experimental designs are not constrained within the paradigm of negative effects.
海洋酸化被认为对海洋钙化生物有害，但越来越多的矛盾证据表明，有必要重新审视这一概念。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在批判性地重新评估海洋酸化对钙化生物的负面影响这一普遍观点。基于 985 项研究中的 5153 个观测结果，发现许多钙化生物（如棘皮动物、甲壳动物和头足类动物）对近未来的海洋酸化（到 2100 年 pH 值约为 7.8）具有耐受性，但颗石藻、钙化藻类和珊瑚似乎较为敏感。钙化生物在幼虫阶段通常比成体阶段更为敏感。超过 70%的生长和钙化观测结果为非负值，这意味着许多钙化生物对海洋酸化具有适应能力。这种能力可以通过表型可塑性（如生理、矿物学、结构和分子调整）、跨代可塑性、食物供应增加或物种相互作用来介导。研究结果表明，海洋酸化对钙化生物的影响并不像最初想象的那样有害，因为它们的适应能力被低估了。因此，在即将到来的海洋酸化研究时代，提倡研究海洋生物如何生存与研究它们如何灭绝同等重要，未来的假设和实验设计不应局限于负面影响的范式内。
