Zhu Jianhua, Dou Zixin, Yan Xu, Yu Longzhen, Lu Ying
College of Economics and Management, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jan;30(2):2918-2944. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21386-5. Epub 2022 Aug 8.
One of the key issues facing the government in achieving carbon neutrality is what methods can be used to effectively reduce carbon emissions. Taking manufacturing enterprises as an example, this paper studies the carbon emission reduction effects of green technology innovation subsidy (GIS), carbon tax (CT), and carbon emission trading (CET). Under the background of social welfare and carbon emission reduction efficiency, we get the results of optimal carbon emission reduction measures in different environments. The results are as follows: (1) In the initial and mature stage of green technology innovation, GIS is the best choice to improve the degree of green manufacturing and maximize social welfare. CT and CET are the best choice to obtain the highest SE (carbon emission reduction efficiency). (2) In the transitional stage, CET and CT can promote the maturity of green technology. However, with the maturity of green technology, the promotion of green technology has weakened. CT is the best choice to achieve the highest SE. (3) When the carbon tax or carbon trading price is at a high or low level, raising the tax rate or carbon trading price can increase the income of enterprises. Therefore, the government should take measures according to the objectives of different stages. When the goal is to maximize social benefits, GIS is the best choice in the initial stage and transition stage, and CET or CT is the best choice in the transition stage. In the initial stage and fertilization stage, when the highest SE, CT, or CET is the best choice, while in the transition stage, CT is the best choice.
政府在实现碳中和方面面临的关键问题之一是可以采用哪些方法来有效减少碳排放。以制造企业为例，本文研究了绿色技术创新补贴（GIS）、碳税（CT）和碳排放交易（CET）的碳排放减少效果。在社会福利和碳排放减少效率的背景下，我们得出了不同环境下最优碳排放减少措施的结果。结果如下：（1）在绿色技术创新的初始阶段和成熟阶段，GIS是提高绿色制造程度和使社会福利最大化的最佳选择。CT和CET是获得最高SE（碳排放减少效率）的最佳选择。（2）在过渡阶段，CET和CT可以促进绿色技术的成熟。然而，随着绿色技术的成熟，对绿色技术的促进作用减弱。CT是实现最高SE的最佳选择。（3）当碳税或碳交易价格处于高水平或低水平时，提高税率或碳交易价格可以增加企业收入。因此，政府应根据不同阶段的目标采取措施。当目标是使社会效益最大化时，在初始阶段和过渡阶段GIS是最佳选择，在过渡阶段CET或CT是最佳选择。在初始阶段和培育阶段，当最高SE、CT或CET是最佳选择时，而在过渡阶段，CT是最佳选择。
