Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostravagrid.412684.d, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic.
mSphere. 2022 Aug 31;7(4):e0033522. doi: 10.1128/msphere.00335-22. Epub 2022 Aug 9.
Leishmaniaviruses (LRVs) have been demonstrated to enhance progression of leishmaniasis, a vector-transmitted disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations that is caused by flagellates of the genus . Here, we used two previously proposed strategies of the LRV ablation to shed light on the relationships of two spp. with their respective viral species (, LRV1 and L. major, LRV2) and demonstrated considerable difference between two studied systems. LRV1 could be easily eliminated by the expression of exogenous capsids regardless of their origin (the same or distantly related LRV1 strains, or even LRV2), while LRV2 was only partially depleted in the case of the native capsid overexpression. The striking differences were also observed in the effects of complete viral elimination with 2'C-methyladenosine (2-CMA) on the transcriptional profiles of these two spp. While virtually no differentially expressed genes were detected after the LRV1 removal from , the response of L. major after ablation of LRV2 involved 87 genes, the analysis of which suggested a considerable stress experienced even after several passages following the treatment. This effect on L. major was also reflected in a significant decrease of the proliferation rate, not documented in and naturally virus-free strain of L. major. Our findings suggest that integration of L. major with LRV2 is deeper compared with that of with LRV1. We presume this determines different effects of the viral presence on the spp. infections. spp. represent human pathogens that cause leishmaniasis, a widespread parasitic disease with mild to fatal clinical manifestations. Some strains of leishmaniae bear leishmaniaviruses (LRVs), and this has been shown to aggravate disease course. We investigated the relationships of two distally related spp. with their respective LRVs using different strategies of virus removal. Our results suggest the South American easily loses its virus with no important consequences for the parasite in the laboratory culture. Conversely, the Old-World L. major is refractory to virus removal and experiences a prominent stress if this removal is nonetheless completed. The drastically different levels of integration between the studied spp. and their viruses suggest distinct effects of the viral presence on infections in these species of parasites.
利什曼原虫病毒（LRVs）已被证明可促进利什曼病的进展，利什曼病是一种由鞭毛门属的寄生虫引起的、具有广泛临床表现的媒介传播疾病。在这里，我们使用了先前提出的两种 LRV 消融策略，以阐明两种 spp.与各自的病毒物种（ ，LRV1 和 L. major，LRV2）的关系，并证明了两个研究系统之间存在相当大的差异。LRV1 可以通过表达外源衣壳轻松消除，而与它们的起源无关（相同或亲缘关系较远的 LRV1 株，甚至是 LRV2），而在天然衣壳过表达的情况下，LRV2 仅部分耗尽。在用 2'-C-甲基腺苷（2-CMA）完全消除病毒对这两种 spp. 的转录谱的影响方面也观察到了明显的差异。虽然从 中去除 LRV1 后几乎没有检测到差异表达的基因，但 LRV2 消融后 L. major 的反应涉及 87 个基因，对其分析表明，即使在治疗后经过多次传代，也会经历相当大的压力。这种对 L. major 的影响也反映在增殖率的显著下降中，而在 中未记录到这一现象，并且自然无病毒的 L. major 株也未记录到这一现象。我们的发现表明，与 LRV1 相比，L. major 与 LRV2 的整合更深。我们推测这决定了病毒存在对 spp. 感染的不同影响。 spp. 是引起利什曼病的人类病原体，利什曼病是一种广泛流行的寄生虫病，具有从轻微到致命的临床表现。一些利什曼菌菌株带有利什曼原虫病毒（LRVs），这已被证明会加重疾病进程。我们使用不同的病毒去除策略研究了两种亲缘关系较远的 spp. 与各自 LRVs 的关系。我们的结果表明，南美的 很容易失去其病毒，而对实验室培养中的寄生虫没有重要影响。相反，旧世界的 L. major 对病毒去除具有抗性，如果完成了这种去除，它会经历明显的压力。研究的 spp. 与它们的病毒之间截然不同的整合水平表明，病毒的存在对这些寄生虫种的感染有不同的影响。
