Research on Leishmaniasis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Apr 27;12(5):657. doi: 10.3390/genes12050657.
The description of the genus as the causative agent of leishmaniasis occurred in the modern age. However, evolutionary studies suggest that the origin of can be traced back to the Mesozoic era. Subsequently, during its evolutionary process, it achieved worldwide dispersion predating the breakup of the Gondwana supercontinent. It is assumed that this parasite evolved from monoxenic Trypanosomatidae. Phylogenetic studies locate dixenous in a well-supported clade, in the recently named subfamily Leishmaniinae, which also includes monoxenous trypanosomatids. Virus-like particles have been reported in many species of this family. To date, several species have been reported to be infected by RNA virus (LRV) and (LBV). Since the first descriptions of LRVs decades ago, differences in their genomic structures have been highlighted, leading to the designation of LRV1 in . () species and LRV2 in . () species. There are strong indications that viruses that infect spp. have the ability to enhance parasitic survival in humans as well as in experimental infections, through highly complex and specialized mechanisms. Phylogenetic analyses of these viruses have shown that their genomic differences correlate with the parasite species infected, suggesting a coevolutionary process. Herein, we will explore what has been described in the literature regarding the relationship between and endosymbiotic viruses and what is known about this association that could contribute to discussions about the worldwide dispersion of
作为利什曼病病原体的属的描述出现在近代。然而，进化研究表明，的起源可以追溯到中生代。随后，在其进化过程中，它在冈瓦纳超级大陆分裂之前实现了全球扩散。据推测，这种寄生虫是从单性的锥虫科进化而来的。系统发育研究将双性的归入一个支持良好的分支，在最近命名的利什曼亚科中，该分支还包括单性的锥虫科。这个家族的许多物种都报告了类似病毒的颗粒。迄今为止，已经有几种报告称感染了 RNA 病毒 (LRV) 和 (LBV)。自几十年前首次描述 LRV 以来，其基因组结构的差异已被强调，导致将 中的 LRV1 指定为. () 种，将 中的 LRV2 指定为. () 种。有强烈的迹象表明，感染 的病毒能够通过高度复杂和专门的机制增强寄生虫在人类和实验感染中的生存能力。对这些病毒的系统发育分析表明，它们的基因组差异与感染的寄生虫种相关，表明存在共同进化过程。在此，我们将探讨文献中关于 与内共生 病毒之间关系的描述，以及关于这种关联的已知信息，这可能有助于讨论的全球传播。
