Raza Ali, Tabassum Javaria, Fakhar Ali Zeeshan, Sharif Rahat, Chen Hua, Zhang Chong, Ju Luo, Fotopoulos Vasileios, Siddique Kadambot H M, Singh Rakesh K, Zhuang Weijian, Varshney Rajeev K
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China.
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Zhejiang, China.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2023 Dec;43(7):1035-1062. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2093695. Epub 2022 Aug 15.
Climate change gives rise to numerous environmental stresses, including soil salinity. Salinity/salt stress is the second biggest abiotic factor affecting agricultural productivity worldwide by damaging numerous physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. In particular, salinity affects plant growth, development, and productivity. Salinity responses include modulation of ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense system induction, and biosynthesis of numerous phytohormones and osmoprotectants to protect plants from osmotic stress by decreasing ion toxicity and augmented reactive oxygen species scavenging. As most crop plants are sensitive to salinity, improving salt tolerance is crucial in sustaining global agricultural productivity. In response to salinity, plants trigger stress-related genes, proteins, and the accumulation of metabolites to cope with the adverse consequence of salinity. Therefore, this review presents an overview of salinity stress in crop plants. We highlight advances in modern biotechnological tools, such as omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) approaches and different genome editing tools (ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas system) for improving salinity tolerance in plants and accomplish the goal of "zero hunger," a worldwide sustainable development goal proposed by the FAO.
气候变化引发了众多环境压力，包括土壤盐碱化。盐度/盐胁迫是影响全球农业生产力的第二大非生物因素，它会破坏许多生理、生化和分子过程。特别是，盐度会影响植物的生长、发育和生产力。盐度响应包括调节离子稳态、诱导抗氧化防御系统以及多种植物激素和渗透保护剂的生物合成，以通过降低离子毒性和增强活性氧清除来保护植物免受渗透胁迫。由于大多数作物对盐度敏感，提高耐盐性对于维持全球农业生产力至关重要。响应盐度时，植物会触发与胁迫相关的基因、蛋白质以及代谢物的积累，以应对盐度带来的不利影响。因此，本综述概述了作物中的盐胁迫。我们重点介绍了现代生物技术工具的进展，如组学（基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学）方法以及不同的基因组编辑工具（锌指核酸酶、转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶和CRISPR/Cas系统），以提高植物的耐盐性，并实现联合国粮食及农业组织提出的全球可持续发展目标“零饥饿”。
