Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University -UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
Division of Endodontics, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Int Endod J. 2022 Nov;55(11):1252-1261. doi: 10.1111/iej.13813. Epub 2022 Aug 30.
The aim of the study was to assess biofilm removal efficacy of GentleWave System and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI).
Twenty-two human mandibular molars with Vertucci's type II configuration in the mesial root were selected. Teeth were autoclaved, inoculated with dental plaque and incubated in a CDC biofilm reactor for two weeks. The mesial roots were instrumented up to 20.06 file (V-Taper) for the GentleWave group and up to 35.04 file (Vortex Blue) for PUI group. Irrigation was performed using GentleWave and PUI irrigation protocols (n = 11). Dentine debris on paper points samples were obtained for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (next-generation aequencing-NGS). For qPCR, a non-parametric test (α = 0.05) was used. Next-generation sequencing data were analysed using mothur, with alpha diversity calculated as the Shannon and Chao1 indices and Bray-Curtis dissimilarities were used for beta diversity. Differences in alpha diversity and abundances of genera were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis test. Differences in community composition were evaluated using analysis of similarity with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that the reduction estimated in percentages for both groups was equivalent (p > .05). NGS analysis showed that both techniques promoted a significant reduction in reads and OTUs number (p < .05). Shannon alpha diversity and Chao1 index showed no differences between pre- or post-treatment samples for both groups (p > .05). Additionally, pre-treatment communities differed from post-treatment samples in both groups regarding bacterial taxa reduction (ANOSIM R = 0.50 and 0.55, p < .001).
Bacterial reduction in mesial roots of mandibular molars prepared to 35.04 with PUI was similar to those prepared to 20.06 with a multisonic irrigant activation system.
本研究旨在评估 GentleWave 系统和被动超声冲洗（PUI）的生物膜去除效果。
选择 22 颗具有近中根 Vertucci Ⅱ型形态的下颌磨牙。牙齿经高压灭菌、接种牙菌斑并在 CDC 生物膜反应器中孵育两周。近中根用 GentleWave 组的 20.06 号锉（V-Taper）和 PUI 组的 35.04 号锉（Vortex Blue）扩锉至根尖。使用 GentleWave 和 PUI 冲洗方案进行冲洗（n=11）。从纸尖样本中获取牙本质碎屑，用于定量实时聚合酶链反应（qPCR）和 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因测序（下一代测序-NGS）。qPCR 采用非参数检验（α=0.05）。使用 mothur 分析下一代测序数据，计算 alpha 多样性为 Shannon 和 Chao1 指数，Bray-Curtis 不相似性用于 beta 多样性。使用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验评估 alpha 多样性和属丰度的差异。使用相似性分析（ANOSIM）评估群落组成的差异，并进行 Bonferroni 校正进行多重比较。
qPCR 结果显示，两组的估计减少百分比相当（p>0.05）。NGS 分析显示，两种技术均显著降低了读数和 OTU 数量（p<0.05）。Shannon alpha 多样性和 Chao1 指数显示，两组的治疗前后样本无差异（p>0.05）。此外，两组治疗前后样本的细菌分类群减少程度不同（ANOSIM R=0.50 和 0.55，p<0.001）。
用 PUI 预备至 35.04 号锉的下颌磨牙近中根的细菌减少量与用多声激活冲洗系统预备至 20.06 号锉的细菌减少量相似。
