Pintarič Maša, Langerholc Tomaž
Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia.
Life (Basel). 2022 Aug 3;12(8):1187. doi: 10.3390/life12081187.
The maintenance of a healthy status depends on the coexistence between the host organism and the microbiota. Early studies have already focused on the nutritional properties of probiotics, which may also contribute to the structural changes in the gut microbiota, thereby affecting host metabolism and homeostasis. Maintaining homeostasis in the body is therefore crucial and is reflected at all levels, including that of glucose, a simple sugar molecule that is an essential fuel for normal cellular function. Despite numerous clinical studies that have shown the effect of various probiotics on glucose and its homeostasis, knowledge about the exact function of their mechanism is still scarce. The aim of our review was to select in vivo and in vitro studies in English published in the last eleven years dealing with the effects of probiotics on glucose metabolism and its homeostasis. In this context, diverse probiotic effects at different organ levels were highlighted, summarizing their potential mechanisms to influence glucose metabolism and its homeostasis. Variations in results due to different methodological approaches were discussed, as well as limitations, especially in in vivo studies. Further studies on the interactions between probiotics, host microorganisms and their immunity are needed.
健康状态的维持取决于宿主生物体与微生物群之间的共存。早期研究已经聚焦于益生菌的营养特性，其也可能导致肠道微生物群的结构变化，从而影响宿主代谢和体内平衡。因此，维持身体的体内平衡至关重要，且在各个层面都有所体现，包括葡萄糖层面，葡萄糖是一种单糖分子，是正常细胞功能的重要燃料。尽管众多临床研究已表明各种益生菌对葡萄糖及其体内平衡的影响，但关于其作用机制的确切功能的知识仍然匮乏。我们综述的目的是挑选过去十一年间以英文发表的关于益生菌对葡萄糖代谢及其体内平衡影响的体内和体外研究。在此背景下，突出了益生菌在不同器官层面的多种作用，总结了它们影响葡萄糖代谢及其体内平衡的潜在机制。讨论了由于不同方法学途径导致的结果差异以及局限性，尤其是体内研究中的局限性。还需要进一步研究益生菌、宿主微生物及其免疫之间的相互作用。
