Kurmanov Berzhan, Zincke Diansy, Su Wanwen, Hadfield Ted L, Aikimbayev Alim, Karibayev Talgat, Berdikulov Maxat, Orynbayev Mukhit, Nikolich Mikeljon P, Blackburn Jason K
Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Microorganisms. 2022 Aug 6;10(8):1584. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10081584.
Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonoses worldwide. Cases are reported annually across the range of known infectious species of the genus Globally, , primarily hosted by domestic sheep and goats, affects large proportions of livestock herds, and frequently spills over into humans. While some species, such as , are well controlled in livestock in areas of North America, the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem supports the species in native wild ungulates with occasional spillover to livestock. Elsewhere in North America, other species still infect domestic dogs and feral swine, with some associated human cases. spp. patterns vary across space globally with and the most important for livestock control. A myriad of other species within the genus infect a wide range of marine mammals, wildlife, rodents, and even frogs. Infection in humans from these others varies with geography and bacterial species. Control in humans is primarily achieved through livestock vaccination and culling and requires accurate and rapid species confirmation; vaccination is spp.-specific and typically targets single livestock species for distribution. Traditional bacteriology methods are slow (some media can take up to 21 days for bacterial growth) and often lack the specificity of molecular techniques. Here, we summarize the molecular techniques for confirming and identifying specific species and provide recommendations for selecting the appropriate methods based on need, sensitivity, and laboratory capabilities/technology. As vaccination/culling approaches are costly and logistically challenging, proper diagnostics and species identification are critical tools for targeting surveillance and control.
布鲁氏菌病是全球最重要且分布最广泛的细菌性人畜共患病之一。全球范围内，每年都有关于布鲁氏菌属已知感染物种的病例报告，主要宿主为家养绵羊和山羊，该病影响着很大比例的畜群，并经常传播给人类。虽然在北美部分地区，一些物种（如）在牲畜中得到了很好的控制，但大黄石生态系统中，本地野生有蹄类动物携带该物种，偶尔会传播给牲畜。在北美其他地区，其他物种仍会感染家犬和野猪，并出现了一些相关的人类病例。布鲁氏菌属物种的分布模式在全球范围内存在差异，其中和对牲畜控制最为重要。该属中的许多其他物种会感染多种海洋哺乳动物、野生动物、啮齿动物甚至青蛙。人类因这些物种感染的情况因地理位置和细菌种类而异。对人类的控制主要通过牲畜疫苗接种和扑杀来实现，这需要准确快速的物种鉴定；疫苗接种是针对特定布鲁氏菌物种的，通常针对单一牲畜物种进行分发。传统细菌学方法速度较慢（某些培养基上细菌生长可能需要长达21天），且往往缺乏分子技术的特异性。在此，我们总结了用于确认和鉴定特定布鲁氏菌物种的分子技术，并根据需求、灵敏度和实验室能力/技术提供了选择合适方法的建议。由于疫苗接种/扑杀方法成本高昂且在后勤方面具有挑战性，因此正确的诊断和物种鉴定是针对性监测和控制的关键工具。
