Griffith Alexandra, Mateen Akilah, Markowitz Kenneth, Singer Steven R, Cugini Carla, Shimizu Emi, Wiedman Gregory R, Kumar Vivek
Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 Aug 12;14(8):1679. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081679.
The rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics in medicine and dentistry is a growing concern. New approaches are needed to combat antibiotic resistant (AR) bacterial infections. There are a number of methods available and in development to address AR infections. Dentists conventionally use chemicals such as chlorohexidine and calcium hydroxide to kill oral bacteria, with many groups recently developing more biocompatible antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for use in the oral cavity. AMPs are promising candidates in the treatment of (oral) infections. Also known as host defense peptides, AMPs have been isolated from animals across all kingdoms of life and play an integral role in the innate immunity of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms by responding to pathogens. Despite progress over the last four decades, there are only a few AMPs approved for clinical use. This review summarizes an Introduction to Oral Microbiome and Oral Infections, Traditional Antibiotics and Alternatives & Antimicrobial Peptides. There is a focus on cationic AMP characteristics and mechanisms of actions, and an overview of animal-derived natural and synthetic AMPs, as well as observed microbial resistance.
医学和牙科领域抗生素的过度使用和滥用导致抗生素耐药细菌的增加，这一问题日益受到关注。需要新的方法来对抗抗生素耐药（AR）细菌感染。有许多方法可用于解决AR感染，并且仍在研发中。传统上，牙医使用洗必泰和氢氧化钙等化学物质来杀死口腔细菌，最近许多研究小组开发了更具生物相容性的抗菌肽（AMP）用于口腔。AMP是治疗（口腔）感染的有前途的候选药物。AMP也被称为宿主防御肽，已从所有生命王国的动物中分离出来，并通过对病原体作出反应，在原核生物和真核生物的先天免疫中发挥不可或缺的作用。尽管在过去四十年中取得了进展，但只有少数AMP被批准用于临床。本综述总结了口腔微生物群与口腔感染简介、传统抗生素及替代药物以及抗菌肽。重点介绍了阳离子AMP的特性和作用机制，概述了动物来源的天然和合成AMP以及观察到的微生物耐药性。
