Vukoja Damir, Vlainić Josipa, Ljolić Bilić Vanja, Martinaga Lela, Rezić Iva, Brlek Gorski Diana, Kosalec Ivan
Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Institute for Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 Aug 17;14(8):1714. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081714.
Growing morbidity and mortality rates due to increase in the number of infections caused by MDR (multi-drug resistant) microorganisms are becoming some of the foremost global health issues. Thus, the need to search for and find novel approaches to fight AMR (antimicrobial resistance) has become obligatory. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial properties of commercially purchased colloidal platinum nanoparticles by examining the existence and potency of their antibacterial effects and investigating the mechanisms by means of which they express these activities. Antimicrobial properties were investigated with respect to standard laboratory ATCC (American Type Cell Culture) and clinical (ESBL)-producing strains of (.) and (.) . Standard microbiological methods of serial microdilution, modulation of microbial cell death kinetics ("time-kill" assays), and biofilm inhibition were used. Bacterial cell wall damage and ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels were assessed in order to explore the mechanisms of platinum nanoparticles' antibacterial activities. Platinum nanoparticles showed strong antibacterial effects against all tested bacterial strains, though their antibacterial effects were found to succumb to time kinetics. Antibiofilm activity was modest overall and significantly effective only against strains. By measuring extracellular DNA/RNA and protein concentrations, induced bacterial cell wall damage could be assumed. The determination of ROS levels induced by platinum nanoparticles revealed their possible implication in antibacterial activity. We conclude that platinum nanoparticles exhibit potent antibacterial effects against standard laboratory and resistant strains of and . Both, cell wall damage and ROS induction could have important role as mechanisms of antibacterial activity, and, require further investigation.
由于耐多药（MDR）微生物引起的感染数量增加，发病率和死亡率不断上升，这已成为一些最主要的全球健康问题。因此，寻找和发现对抗抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）的新方法已成为当务之急。本研究旨在通过检测市售胶体铂纳米颗粒抗菌作用的存在和效力，并研究其发挥这些活性的机制，来确定其抗菌特性。针对标准实验室美国模式培养物保藏中心（ATCC）菌株以及临床产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌菌株，研究了其抗菌特性。采用了系列微量稀释、调节微生物细胞死亡动力学（“时间杀菌”试验）和生物膜抑制等标准微生物学方法。评估了细菌细胞壁损伤和活性氧（ROS）水平，以探究铂纳米颗粒抗菌活性的机制。铂纳米颗粒对所有测试细菌菌株均显示出强大的抗菌作用，不过其抗菌作用会随时间动力学而减弱。总体而言，抗生物膜活性较弱，仅对某些菌株有显著效果。通过测量细胞外DNA/RNA和蛋白质浓度，可以推测细菌细胞壁受到了诱导损伤。对铂纳米颗粒诱导的ROS水平的测定揭示了其在抗菌活性中的可能作用。我们得出结论，铂纳米颗粒对标准实验室菌株以及大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药菌株均表现出强大的抗菌作用。细胞壁损伤和ROS诱导作为抗菌活性机制可能都具有重要作用，需要进一步研究。
