Bischoff Nunes Isadora, Goodwin Paul H
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Aug 19;11(16):2152. doi: 10.3390/plants11162152.
The species complex (A.A. Hildebr.) A. Cabral and Crous 2011 contains species of soilborne necrotrophic plant pathogens. The most aggressive to ginseng roots is , whereas , , and are less aggressive. Infected ginseng roots show orange-red to black-brown lesions that can expand into a severe root rot, known as disappearing root rot, where only epidermal root tissue remains. Leaves become red-brown with wilting, and stems can have vascular discoloration with black-brown lesions at the base. Less aggressive species trigger jasmonic acid (JA)-related defenses inducing host ginsenosides, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, wound periderm, and cell wall thickening. In contrast, triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA) production but suppresses JA-related defenses and ginsenoside accumulation. It is also able to suppress SA-related PR protein production. Virulence factors include potential effectors that may suppress PAMP (Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns) triggered immunity (PTI), polyphenoloxidases, Hsp90 inhibitors, siderophores and cell-wall-degrading enzymes, such as pectinases. Overall, appears to be more aggressive because it can suppress JA and SA-related PTI allowing for more extensive colonization of ginseng roots. While many possible mechanisms of host resistance and pathogen virulence mechanisms have been examined, there is a need for using genetic approaches, such as RNAi silencing of genes of or , to determine their importance in the interaction.
物种复合体（A.A. 希尔德布兰德）A. 卡布拉尔和克劳斯于2011年提出，该复合体包含土壤传播的坏死性植物病原体物种。对人参根最具侵袭性的是[具体物种未提及]，而[其他物种未提及]的侵袭性较弱。受感染的人参根会出现橙红色至黑褐色的病斑，这些病斑可扩展成严重的根腐病，即所谓的消失性根腐病，此时仅留下根的表皮组织。叶片会变成红棕色并枯萎，茎基部的维管束会变色，出现黑褐色病斑。侵袭性较弱的[具体物种未提及]物种会触发茉莉酸（JA）相关的防御反应，诱导宿主产生人参皂苷、病程相关（PR）蛋白、创伤周皮和细胞壁增厚。相比之下，[具体物种未提及]会引发活性氧（ROS）和水杨酸（SA）的产生，但会抑制JA相关的防御反应和人参皂苷的积累。它还能够抑制SA相关的PR蛋白产生。致病因子包括可能抑制病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）触发的免疫反应（PTI）的潜在效应子、多酚氧化酶、热休克蛋白90抑制剂、铁载体以及细胞壁降解酶，如果胶酶。总体而言，[具体物种未提及]似乎更具侵袭性，因为它可以抑制JA和SA相关的PTI，从而使人参根能够被更广泛地定殖。虽然已经研究了许多宿主抗性和病原体致病机制的可能机制，但仍需要使用遗传方法，如对[具体物种未提及]或[具体物种未提及]的基因进行RNA干扰沉默，以确定它们在相互作用中的重要性。
