School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Musselburgh, UK
Nursing, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh, Musselburgh, UK.
BMJ Open. 2022 Aug 29;12(8):e056568. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056568.
Objectives of study stage 1 were to: explore people's experiences of illness due to COVID-19 while feeling socially isolated or socially isolating; identify perceptions of what would support recovery; and synthesise insights into recommendations for supporting people after COVID-19. Study stage 2 objectives were to engage stakeholders in evaluating these recommendations and analyse likely influences on access to the support identified.
A two-stage, multimethod cross-sectional study was conducted from a postpositivist perspective. Stage 1 included an international online survey of people's experiences of illness, particularly COVID-19, in isolation (n=675 full responses). Stage 2 involved a further online survey (n=43), two tweetchats treated as large online focus groups (n=60 and n=27 people tweeting), two smaller focus groups (both n=4) and one interview (both using MS teams).
Stage 1 had an international emphasis, although 87% of respondents were living in the UK. Stage 2 focused on the UK.
Anyone aged 18+ and able to complete a survey in English could participate. Stage 2 included health professionals, advocates and people with lived experience.
Descriptive data and response categories derived from open responses to the survey and the qualitative data.
Of those responding fully to stage 1 (mean age 44 years); 130 (19%) had experienced COVID-19 in isolation; 45 had recovered, taking a mean of 5.3 (range 1-54) weeks. 85 did not feel they had recovered; fatigue and varied 'other' symptoms were most prevalent and also had most substantial negative impacts. Our draft recommendations were highly supported by respondents to stage 2 and refined to produce final recommendations.
Recommendations support access to progressive intensity and specialism of support, addressing access barriers that might inadvertently increase health inequalities. Multidisciplinary collaboration and learning are crucial, including the person with COVID-19 and/or Long Covid in the planning and decision making throughout.
目的 研究阶段 1 的目的是：探索因 COVID-19 而感到社会孤立或自我隔离的人们的患病经历；确定支持康复的认知；综合了解支持 COVID-19 后人们的建议。研究阶段 2 的目的是让利益相关者参与评估这些建议，并分析对获得确定支持的可能影响。
设计 从后实证主义的角度进行了两阶段、多方法的横断面研究。第 1 阶段包括对人们孤立（675 人完整回复）患病经历，特别是 COVID-19 患病经历的国际在线调查。第 2 阶段涉及进一步的在线调查（n=43）、两次作为大型在线焦点小组的推文聊天（n=60 和 n=27 人发推文）、两次较小的焦点小组（均 n=4）和一次访谈（均使用 MS teams）。
背景 第 1 阶段强调国际范围，尽管 87%的受访者居住在英国。第 2 阶段专注于英国。
参与者 任何年龄在 18 岁及以上且能够用英语完成调查的人都可以参加。第 2 阶段包括卫生专业人员、倡导者和有亲身体验的人。
主要结果措施 从调查的开放性回复和定性数据中得出描述性数据和回复类别。
结果 在完全回复第 1 阶段的人群中（平均年龄 44 岁）；130 人（19%）经历过隔离期间的 COVID-19；45 人康复，平均需要 5.3（范围 1-54）周。85 人表示他们没有康复；疲劳和各种“其他”症状最为普遍，也有最大的负面影响。我们的草案建议得到了第 2 阶段的高度支持，并进行了改进，以提出最终建议。
结论 建议支持获得渐进强度和专业支持，解决可能无意中增加健康不平等的获取障碍。多学科合作和学习至关重要，包括 COVID-19 患者和/或长期新冠患者在整个规划和决策过程中的参与。
