National Cancer Institute Risk Factor Assessment Branch 9609 Medical Center Drive Rockville, MD 20850, Hyattsville, MD, USA.
National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 Dec 19;116(6):1779-1789. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac238.
High energy intake from non-nutrient-dense sources correlates with poorer diet quality.
The aims were to 1) estimate total energy intake and energy from solid fats and added sugars combined (SoFAS) and identify their top food category sources for ages 2-18 y in 2015-2018 and 2) describe trends over time in 2009-2018.
Data were from the NHANES. Pairwise differences were examined using univariate t statistics (2015-2018, n = 5038), and trends by age and over time (2009-2018, n = 14,038) were examined using orthogonal polynomials.
In 2015-2018, SoFAS contributed a mean (SE) of 30.0% (0.3%) of total energy. Solid fats [16.1% (0.2%)] and added sugars [13.8% (0.2%)] each contributed >10%. The contribution of added sugars increased with age from 11.1% (2-3 y) to 14.4% (14-18 y), and was higher for all other race/Hispanic origins than non-Hispanic Asians. The top 5 sources of energy were sweet bakery products, savory snacks, pizza, other mixed dishes, and unflavored milk, and for SoFAS also included soft drinks, other desserts, candy, and snack bars. Total energy did not change between 2009 and 2018, but energy from SoFAS, and servings of solid fats, and added sugars declined. The contribution of unflavored milk to total energy declined for all ages and most race/Hispanic origins. Fruit drinks (all ages) and soft drinks (9-18 y) remained among top added sugars sources despite declines. The contribution of sweet bakery products to energy from SoFAS increased for most ages and candy and snack bars to energy from added sugars.
In 2015-2018, SoFAS contributed >30% of total energy for ages 2-18 y, which doubled the Dietary Guidelines for Americans' recommended limit of 15%. The top 5 sources of total energy were similar to those of solid fats, and those of SoFAS similar to those of added sugars. These results may inform public health efforts for improving diet quality.
非营养密集型食物来源的高能量摄入与较差的饮食质量有关。
本研究旨在 1）估计 2-18 岁儿童和青少年 2015-2018 年的总能量摄入和固体脂肪及添加糖（SoFAS）的能量，并确定其主要食物来源，2）描述 2009-2018 年的时间趋势。
数据来自 NHANES。使用单变量 t 检验（2015-2018 年，n=5038）比较了各项之间的差异，使用正交多项式检验了 2009-2018 年（n=14038）的年龄和时间趋势。
2015-2018 年，SoFAS 占总能量的 30.0%（0.3%）。固体脂肪（16.1%（0.2%））和添加糖（13.8%（0.2%））各占 10%以上。添加糖的贡献随着年龄的增长而增加，从 2-3 岁的 11.1%增加到 14-18 岁的 14.4%，且所有其他种族/西班牙裔来源的儿童和青少年高于非西班牙裔亚裔。能量的前 5 大来源是甜面糕点、咸味零食、披萨、其他混合菜肴和无风味牛奶，SoFAS 的前 5 大来源还包括软饮料、其他甜点、糖果和小吃棒。2009 年至 2018 年期间总能量没有变化，但 SoFAS 能量、固体脂肪和添加糖的摄入量下降。所有年龄和大多数种族/西班牙裔来源的无风味牛奶对总能量的贡献都下降了。尽管有所下降，但水果饮料（所有年龄）和软饮料（9-18 岁）仍然是添加糖的主要来源。甜面糕点对 SoFAS 能量的贡献以及糖果和小吃棒对添加糖能量的贡献在大多数年龄组中都有所增加。
2015-2018 年，2-18 岁儿童和青少年的 SoFAS 摄入量占总能量的 30%以上，是美国膳食指南推荐的 15%上限的两倍。总能量的前 5 大来源与固体脂肪相似，SoFAS 的前 5 大来源与添加糖相似。这些结果可能为改善饮食质量的公共卫生工作提供信息。
