Clinical Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., and Past President of the American Academy of Psychodynamic Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis.
Psychodyn Psychiatry. 2022 Fall;50(3):535-552. doi: 10.1521/pdps.2022.50.3.535.
Jacques Lacan was a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who created an original metapsychology based on a close reading of the work of Sigmund Freud combined with the structural linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure. Lacan's concept of the unconscious is that of a highly structured entity consisting of interlacing chains of signifiers (sounds, printed words, and images) based on principles of metaphor and metonymy. In this review article, the author provides a brief biographical summary of Lacan's formative years, his education, and his career, followed by a discussion of some of his major theoretical concepts. Lacan's three registers or orders of existence, the the and the and their relationship to normal and psychopathological mental functioning are described. Lacan's major structural diagnostic categories are defined as well as his proposed etiology for the development of each of them. Lacan's formulation of need, demand, and desire are described as well as his late concept of Brief clinical vignettes are used to illustrate some of Lacan's theoretical concepts, and some clinical recommendations are provided. Lacan's theories and practice were controversial over his almost 50-year career, and his work is largely unknown to psychiatrists and psychoanalysts in the United States. This article is an effort to fill a small part of this lacuna.
雅克·拉康是一位法国精神病学家和精神分析学家，他基于西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的作品的深入阅读，结合费迪南德·德·索绪尔的结构语言学，创造了一种独特的元心理学。拉康的无意识概念是一个高度结构化的实体，由基于隐喻和转喻原则的相互交织的符号链（声音、印刷文字和图像）组成。在这篇综述文章中，作者简要介绍了拉康的成长经历、教育背景和职业生涯，随后讨论了他的一些主要理论概念。描述了拉康的三个存在的层次或秩序，即 、 和 ，以及它们与正常和精神病理学心理功能的关系。还定义了拉康的主要结构诊断类别，以及他对每个类别的发展提出的病因。描述了拉康的需要、需求和欲望的表述，以及他后期的Brief clinical vignettes 被用来举例说明拉康的一些理论概念，并提供了一些临床建议。拉康的理论和实践在他近 50 年的职业生涯中备受争议，他的作品在美国的精神病学家和精神分析学家中知之甚少。本文旨在填补这一空白的一小部分。
