Hong Min-Ho, Lee Jung Heon, Jung Hyun Suk, Shin Heungsoo, Shin Hyunjung
Department of Dental Biomaterials and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, Republic of Korea.
School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
Biomater Res. 2022 Sep 6;26(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s40824-022-00288-0.
Bone regeneration research is currently ongoing in the scientific community. Materials approved for clinical use, and applied to patients, have been developed and produced. However, rather than directly affecting bone regeneration, these materials support bone induction, which regenerates bone. Therefore, the research community is still researching bone tissue regeneration. In the papers published so far, it is hard to find an improvement in the theory of bone regeneration. This review discusses the relationship between the existing theories on hard tissue growth and regeneration and the biomaterials developed so far for this purpose and future research directions.
Highly complex nucleation and crystallization in hard tissue involves the coordinated action of ions and/or molecules that can produce different organic and inorganic composite biomaterials. In addition, the healing of bone defects is also affected by the dynamic conditions of ions and nutrients in the bone regeneration process. Inorganics in the human body, especially calcium- and/or phosphorus-based materials, play an important role in hard tissues. Inorganic crystal growth is important for treating or remodeling the bone matrix. Biomaterials used in bone tissue regeneration require expertise in various fields of the scientific community. Chemical knowledge is indispensable for interpreting the relationship between biological factors and their formation. In addition, sources of energy for the nucleation and crystallization processes of such chemical bonds and minerals that make up the bone tissue must be considered. However, the exact mechanism for this process has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, a convergence of broader scientific fields such as chemistry, materials, and biology is urgently needed to induce a distinct bone tissue regeneration mechanism.
This review provides an overview of calcium- and/or phosphorus-based inorganic properties and processes combined with organics that can be regarded as matrices of these minerals, namely collagen molecules and collagen fibrils. Furthermore, we discuss how this strategy can be applied to future bone tissue regenerative medicine in combination with other academic perspectives.
目前科学界正在进行骨再生研究。已开发并生产出经临床批准用于患者的材料。然而，这些材料并非直接影响骨再生，而是支持骨诱导，从而实现骨再生。因此，研究界仍在研究骨组织再生。在迄今发表的论文中，很难找到骨再生理论的改进之处。本综述讨论了现有关于硬组织生长和再生的理论与迄今为此开发的生物材料之间的关系以及未来的研究方向。
硬组织中高度复杂的成核和结晶过程涉及离子和/或分子的协同作用，这些离子和/或分子可产生不同的有机和无机复合生物材料。此外，骨缺损的愈合也受骨再生过程中离子和营养物质动态状况的影响。人体中的无机物，尤其是钙基和/或磷基材料，在硬组织中起重要作用。无机晶体生长对于治疗或重塑骨基质很重要。骨组织再生中使用的生物材料需要科学界各个领域的专业知识。化学知识对于解释生物因素与其形成之间的关系不可或缺。此外，必须考虑构成骨组织的此类化学键和矿物质的成核和结晶过程的能量来源。然而，这一过程的确切机制尚未阐明。因此，迫切需要化学、材料和生物学等更广泛科学领域的融合，以诱导独特的骨组织再生机制。
本综述概述了钙基和/或磷基无机特性及过程与可被视为这些矿物质基质的有机物（即胶原蛋白分子和胶原纤维）的结合。此外，我们讨论了如何将这一策略与其他学术观点相结合应用于未来的骨组织再生医学。
