Chen Qiuli, Zhang Jiawei, Wang Peter, Zhang Zuyong
Department of Research and Development, Zhejiang Zhongwei Medical Research Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
iScience. 2022 Oct 21;25(10):105044. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105044. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 carries a unique group of mutations, and the transmission of the virus has led to the emergence of other mutants such as Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Kappa (B.1.617.1), Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529). The advent of a vaccine has raised hopes of ending the pandemic. However, the mutation variants of SARS-CoV-2 have raised concerns about the effectiveness of vaccines because the data showed that the vaccine was less effective against mutation variants compared to the previous variants. Mutation variants could easily mutate the N-segment structure and receptor domain of its spike glycoprotein (S) protein to escape antibody recognition. Therefore, it is vital to understand the potential immune response and evasion mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this review, immune response and evasion mechanisms of several SARS-CoV-2 variants are described, which could provide some helpful advice for future vaccines.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）已导致全球大流行。SARS-CoV-2携带一组独特的突变，病毒的传播导致了其他突变株的出现，如阿尔法（B.1.1.7）、贝塔（B.1.351）、伽马（P.1）、卡帕（B.1.617.1）、德尔塔（B.1.617.2）和奥密克戎（B.1.1.529）。疫苗的出现燃起了结束大流行的希望。然而，SARS-CoV-2的变异毒株引发了对疫苗有效性的担忧，因为数据显示，与之前的毒株相比，疫苗对变异毒株的效果较差。变异毒株能够轻易地使其刺突糖蛋白（S）的N片段结构和受体结构域发生突变，从而逃避抗体识别。因此，了解SARS-CoV-2变异株潜在的免疫反应和逃逸机制至关重要。在这篇综述中，描述了几种SARS-CoV-2变异株的免疫反应和逃逸机制，这可为未来的疫苗提供一些有益的建议。
