2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
2nd Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Aug 29;23(17):9784. doi: 10.3390/ijms23179784.
Vitamin D intervenes in calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone homeostasis. Experimental studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) generates immunologic activities on the innate and adaptive immune system and endothelial membrane stability. Low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with an increased risk of developing immune-related diseases such as psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune diseases. Various clinical trials describe the efficacy of supplementation of vitamin D and its metabolites for treating these diseases that result in variable outcomes. Different disease outcomes are observed in treatment with vitamin D as high inter-individual difference is present with complex gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, it is still not fully known what level of serum 25(OH)D is needed. The current recommendation is to increase vitamin D intake and have enough sunlight exposure to have serum 25(OH)D at a level of 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) and better at 40-60 ng/mL (100-150 nmol/L) to obtain the optimal health benefits of vitamin D.
维生素 D 参与钙和磷代谢以及骨骼动态平衡。实验研究表明，1,25-二羟维生素 D（骨化三醇）对固有免疫和适应性免疫系统以及内皮膜稳定性产生免疫活性。血清 25-羟维生素 D（25(OH)D）水平低与发生免疫相关疾病（如银屑病、1 型糖尿病、多发性硬化症和自身免疫性疾病）的风险增加有关。各种临床试验描述了补充维生素 D 及其代谢物治疗这些疾病的疗效，结果各不相同。由于人类外周血单个核细胞中存在复杂的基因表达，个体间差异很大，因此用维生素 D 治疗时观察到不同的疾病结果。然而，目前仍不完全清楚需要多少血清 25(OH)D 水平。目前的建议是增加维生素 D 的摄入并获得足够的阳光照射，使血清 25(OH)D 水平达到 30ng/ml（75nmol/L），最好达到 40-60ng/ml（100-150nmol/L），以获得维生素 D 的最佳健康益处。
