膳食模式与澳门大学生营养素摄入量：一项横断面研究。

Dietary Patterns and Nutrient Intake in University Students of Macao: A Cross-Sectional Study.

机构信息

Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.

Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.

出版信息

Nutrients. 2022 Sep 3;14(17):3642. doi: 10.3390/nu14173642.

DOI:10.3390/nu14173642

PMID:36079899

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9460302/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Nutritional status affects the health of the public and is one of the key factors influencing social-economic development. To date, little research on the nutritional status of the Macao university student population has been conducted.

OBJECTIVES

To identify and evaluate the dietary pattern and the nutritional intake among Macao university students.

METHODS

The Macao students were selected by the stratified cluster random sampling method. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to investigate food consumption. Data were analyzed through a and by using SPSS Version 24.0.

RESULTS

A total of 1230 questionnaires were distributed. From the respondents, 1067 (86.7%) were valid. In general, we identified three major dietary patterns in this population: (1) fruit and vegetable dietary pattern, characterized by abundant consumption of fruits and vegetables; (2) grain and high fat dietary pattern, characterized as high intakes of grains and animal foods; (3) high sugar dietary pattern, characterized by a large quantity of daily sugary drinks. The average daily intake of vitamin A, thiamine, calcium, and iodine were significantly lower than the Chinese Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) in the subjects. The dietary pattern of Macao students is similar to that of other Asians. Surprisingly, the daily intake of vitamin A, thiamine, calcium, and iodine by Macao university students is significantly lower than the Chinese RNI.

摘要

背景

营养状况影响公众健康，是影响社会经济发展的关键因素之一。迄今为止，针对澳门大学生群体的营养状况研究较少。

目的

确定和评估澳门大学生的饮食模式和营养摄入情况。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取澳门学生。使用半定量食物频率问卷调查食物消费情况。采用和对数据进行分析，使用 SPSS 版本 24.0。

结果

共发放 1230 份问卷，其中 1067 份（86.7%）有效。总体而言，我们在该人群中识别出三种主要的饮食模式：（1）水果和蔬菜饮食模式，以大量摄入水果和蔬菜为特征；（2）谷物和高脂肪饮食模式，以谷物和动物食品的高摄入量为特征；（3）高糖饮食模式，以大量日常含糖饮料为特征。研究对象的维生素 A、硫胺素、钙和碘的平均日摄入量明显低于中国推荐营养素摄入量（RNI）。澳门学生的饮食模式与其他亚洲人相似。令人惊讶的是，澳门大学生的维生素 A、硫胺素、钙和碘的日摄入量明显低于中国 RNI。