Application of mesenchymal stem cells combined with nano-polypeptide hydrogel in tissue engineering blood vessel.

At present, the vascular grafts used in clinic are mainly autologous blood vessels, but they often face the dilemma of no blood vessels available due to limited sources. However, synthetic blood vessels made of polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), which is commonly used in clinic, are prone to thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, and the long-term patency rate is poor, so its effectiveness is severely limited, which is far from meeting the clinical needs. With the development of nano-materials, stem cells and 3D bio-printing technology, people began to explore the preparation of new endothelialized vascular grafts through this technology. Nano-peptide materials have excellent biocompatibility, can be compounded with different bioactive molecules, and have unique advantages in cultivating stem cells. It has been reported that self-assembled nano-polypeptide hydrogel was successfully constructed, mesenchymal stem cells were correctly isolated and cultured, and their transformation into blood vessels was studied. It was confirmed that the 3D bio-printed nano-polypeptide hydrogel tissue ADMSCs still had strong vascular endothelial differentiation ability. The application of mesenchymal stem cells and nano-polypeptide hydrogel in tissue engineering blood vessels has gradually become a research hotspot, and it is expected to develop a new type of transplanted blood vessel that meets the physiological functions of human body in terms of vascular endothelialization, cell compatibility and histocompatibility, so as to realize the customized and personalized printing of the endothelialized transplanted blood vessel according to the shape of the target blood vessel, which has attractive prospects and far-reaching social and economic benefits.