奖励小学生使用安全带。

Rewarding elementary schoolchildren for their use of safety belts.

作者信息

Roberts M C, Fanurik D

出版信息

Health Psychol. 1986;5(3):185-96. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.5.3.185.

DOI:10.1037//0278-6133.5.3.185

Abstract

This study reports on the application of reward procedures to elementary schoolchildren to increase their use of seat belts en route to two schools. Following strict rules for assessing buckle-up compliance, all passengers in a car had to be safely secured in order for the schoolchildren to receive rewards. Compliant children received paper slips as they arrived at schools, which were redeemable for stickers, bumper stickers, and coloring books. The slips were also used in weekly drawings for pizza dinners. The mean compliance rate for School 1 was 4.3% during baseline, 66.2% for the reward phase across 4 weeks, 60% for return to baseline, 17.2% for Follow-Up 1, and 8.5% for Follow-Up 2. For School 2, the mean percentage was 5.3% at baseline, 69.8% for the reward phase, 68.5% for return to baseline, 40.1% for Follow-Up 1, and 20% for Follow-Up 2. These results indicate that rewarding the schoolchildren increased their own seat-belt use as well as that of their adult drivers and other passengers. Decreases in usage were observed after the rewards were removed.

摘要

本研究报告了奖励措施在小学生中的应用情况，以增加他们在前往两所学校途中使用安全带的频率。按照评估系安全带合规情况的严格规则，汽车上的所有乘客都必须安全系好安全带，小学生才能获得奖励。合规的孩子在到达学校时会收到纸条，这些纸条可用来兑换贴纸、保险杠贴纸和涂色书。这些纸条还用于每周的披萨晚餐抽奖。学校1在基线期的平均合规率为4.3%，在为期4周的奖励阶段为66.2%，回到基线期为60%，随访1为17.2%，随访2为8.5%。对于学校2，基线期的平均百分比为5.3%，奖励阶段为69.8%，回到基线期为68.5%，随访1为40.1%，随访2为20%。这些结果表明，奖励小学生增加了他们自己以及成年司机和其他乘客的安全带使用情况。在取消奖励后，使用率出现了下降。