Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 7;12(1):16888. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21262-9.
Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Screening for dyslipidemia at an early age is essential to prevent and control its consequences. This study aimed to determine prevalence of dyslipidemia and its correlates among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Data of 5854 adolescents aged 10-19 years from all 13 regions of Saudi Arabia were obtained from the Jeeluna study; a national cross-sectional, multistage stratified cluster sample survey. Dyslipidemia was defined based on the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines for adolescents. We found that a quarter of Saudi adolescents have dyslipidemia (males: 33.3%, females: 17.9%). Significant variation was observed by region (p < 0.001). Prevalence of abnormal Total Cholesterol was 6.7%, LDL-C 7.1%, HDL-C 12.8%, Non-HDL-C 8.3%, and Triglycerides 9.6%. Factors independently associated with dyslipidemia were male gender (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.78-2.70, p < 0.001), BMI (underweight OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.94, overweight OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.50-2.06, obese OR = 2.80, 95% CI 2.34-3.34, p < 0.001, vs. normal) and serum ferritin (high OR = 7.02, 95% CI 1.49-34.79, low OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.67-1.01, p = 0.04 vs. normal) and ≥ 1 daily intake of carbonated beverage (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.00-1.20, p = 0.03 vs. no or not daily intake). Public health interventions for improving lipid profile of adolescents are urgently needed.
血脂异常是动脉粥样硬化的一个主要危险因素。早期筛查血脂异常对于预防和控制其后果至关重要。本研究旨在确定沙特阿拉伯青少年血脂异常的患病率及其相关因素。本研究的数据来自沙特阿拉伯全国性的、多阶段分层聚类抽样调查——杰卢纳研究，共纳入了 5854 名年龄在 10-19 岁的青少年。血脂异常的定义基于美国国立心肺血液研究所和国家胆固醇教育计划的青少年指南。我们发现，四分之一的沙特青少年存在血脂异常（男性：33.3%，女性：17.9%）。按地区划分存在显著差异（p<0.001）。异常总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯的患病率分别为 6.7%、7.1%、12.8%、8.3%和 9.6%。与血脂异常相关的因素包括男性（OR=2.19，95%CI 1.78-2.70，p<0.001）、BMI（体重过轻 OR=0.80，95%CI 0.69-0.94，超重 OR=1.76，95%CI 1.50-2.06，肥胖 OR=2.80，95%CI 2.34-3.34，p<0.001，与正常相比）、血清铁蛋白（高 OR=7.02，95%CI 1.49-34.79，低 OR=0.82，95%CI 0.67-1.01，p=0.04，与正常相比）和≥1 天摄入碳酸饮料（OR=1.10，95%CI 1.00-1.20，p=0.03，与不摄入或不每天摄入相比）。迫切需要采取公共卫生干预措施来改善青少年的血脂谱。
