Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Ufa Federal Research Center RAS, Prospekt Oktyabrya 71, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 6;23(19):11865. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911865.
Anthocyanins are well-known antioxidants that are beneficial for plants and consumers. Dihydroflavonol-4-reductase () is a key gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis, controlled by multiple transcription factors. Its expression can be enhanced by mutations in the negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis myeloblastosis family transcription factor-like 2 (). The expression profiles of the gene were examined in 43 purple and green varieties of L., L., L., and L. gene expression was significantly reduced in purple varieties of , and green varieties of . The gene sequences were screened for mutations that can affect pigmentation. Expression of the gene was cultivar-specific, but in general it correlated with anthocyanin content and was higher in purple plants. Two single nucleotide polymorphysms (SNPs) were found at the beginning of the DNA-binding domain of gene in all purple varieties of . This mutation, leading to an amino acid substitution and the formation of a mononucleotide repeat (A), significantly affects RNA structure. No other noteworthy mutations were found in the gene in green varieties of and other studied species. These results bring new insights into the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in genus and provide opportunities for generation of new purple varieties with precise mutations introduced via genetic engineering and CRISPR/Cas.
花色苷是一种众所周知的抗氧化剂，对植物和消费者都有益。二氢黄酮醇 4-还原酶（）是花色苷生物合成的关键基因，受多个转录因子控制。其表达可以通过花色苷生物合成髓样白血病家族转录因子样 2（）的负调节剂的突变来增强。在 43 个 L.、 L.、 L. 和 L. 的紫色和绿色品种中检查了 基因的表达谱。在紫色品种中，基因表达显著降低，而在绿色品种中则降低。筛选了可能影响色素沉着的突变。基因的表达具有品种特异性，但总体上与花色苷含量相关，在紫色植物中更高。在所有紫色品种的基因的 DNA 结合域的起始处发现了两个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。这种突变导致氨基酸取代和单核苷酸重复（A）的形成，显著影响 RNA 结构。在绿色品种的 和其他研究物种的 基因中未发现其他值得注意的突变。这些结果为 属中花色苷生物合成的调控提供了新的见解，并为通过基因工程和 CRISPR/Cas 引入精确突变生成新的紫色品种提供了机会。
