Pang Kaiyue, Dai Dongwen, Yang Yingkui, Wang Xun, Liu Shujie, Huang Weihua, Xue Bin, Chai Shatuo, Wang ShuXiang
Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences in Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.
Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Sep 29;13:957152. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.957152. eCollection 2022.
Ruminal microflora is closely correlated with the ruminant's diet. However, information regarding the effect of high concentrate diets on rumen microflora in yaks is lacking. In the current study, 24 healthy male yaks were randomly assigned to two groups, each fed with different diets: less concentrate (LC; concentrate: coarse = 40: 60) and high concentrate (HC; concentrate: coarse = 80: 20) diets. Subsequently, a 21-day feeding trial was performed with the yaks, and rumen fluid samples were collected and compared using 16 s rRNA sequencing. The results showed that NH-N, total VFA, acetate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate were significantly higher in the HC group than that in the LC group ( < 0.05), while microbial diversity and richness were significantly lower in the HC group ( < 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis indicated that rumen microflora was significantly different in LC and HC groups ( < 0.05). In the rumen, phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the most abundant bacteria, with Firmicutes being more abundant, and Bacteroidota being less abundant in the HC group than those found in the LC group. and are the highest abundant ones at the genus level. The relative abundance of , , and were significantly higher in the HC group than that in the LC group ( < 0.05), while the relative abundance of was significantly lower in the HC group than in the LC group ( < 0.05). Compared to the LC group, the relative abundance of , , and was significantly higher in the HC group. The relative abundances of , , , , , , and were correlated with ruminal fermentation parameters ( < 0.05). Furthermore, PICRUSt 2 estimation indicated that microbial genes associated with valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis were overexpressed in the rumen microflora of yaks in the HC group ( < 0.05). Conclusively, our results suggest that high concentrate diets affect the microflora composition and fermentation function in yak rumen. The present findings would provide new insights into the health of yaks under high concentrate feeding conditions and serve as a potent reference for the short-term fattening processes of yaks.
瘤胃微生物群与反刍动物的饮食密切相关。然而，关于高精料日粮对牦牛瘤胃微生物群影响的信息尚缺。在本研究中，24头健康雄性牦牛被随机分为两组，分别饲喂不同日粮：低精料（LC；精料：粗料 = 40:60）和高精料（HC；精料：粗料 = 80:20）日粮。随后，对牦牛进行了为期21天的饲养试验，并采集瘤胃液样本，采用16S rRNA测序进行比较。结果显示，HC组的NH-N、总挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）、乙酸、丁酸、异丁酸和异戊酸显著高于LC组（P < 0.05），而HC组的微生物多样性和丰富度显著低于LC组（P < 0.05）。主坐标分析表明，LC组和HC组的瘤胃微生物群存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。在瘤胃中，厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是最丰富的细菌，厚壁菌门更为丰富，且HC组的拟杆菌门比LC组少。在属水平上，[具体属名1]和[具体属名2]是最丰富的。HC组中[具体属名3]、[具体属名4]和[具体属名5]的相对丰度显著高于LC组（P < 0.05），而HC组中[具体属名6]的相对丰度显著低于LC组（P < 0.05）。与LC组相比，HC组中[具体属名7]、[具体属名8]和[具体属名9]的相对丰度显著更高。[具体属名10]、[具体属名11]、[具体属名12]、[具体属名13]、[具体属名14]、[具体属名15]和[具体属名16]的相对丰度与瘤胃发酵参数相关（P < 0.05）。此外，PICRUSt 2估计表明，与缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸生物合成相关的微生物基因在HC组牦牛的瘤胃微生物群中过度表达（P < 0.05）。总之，我们的结果表明，高精料日粮会影响牦牛瘤胃中的微生物群组成和发酵功能。本研究结果将为高精料饲养条件下牦牛的健康提供新的见解，并为牦牛的短期育肥过程提供有力参考。
