Loturco Irineu, McGuigan Michael R, Freitas Tomás T, Valenzuela Pedro L, Pereira Lucas A, Pareja-Blanco Fernando
NAR - Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Biol Sport. 2021 Jun;38(2):219-227. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.98452. Epub 2020 Aug 31.
The aims of this study were to compare the outcomes and provide reference data for a set of barbell mechanical parameters collected via a linear velocity transducer in 126 male sprinters (n = 62), rugby players (n = 32), and soccer players (n = 32). Bar-velocity, bar-force, and bar-power outputs were assessed in the jump-squat exercise with jump-squat height determined from bar-peak velocity. The test started at a load of 40% of the athletes' body mass (BM), and a load of 10% of BM was gradually added until a clear decrement in the bar power was observed. Comparisons of bar variables among the three sports were performed using a one-way analysis of variance. Relative measures of bar velocity, force, and power, and jump-squat height were significantly higher in sprinters than in rugby (difference ranging between 5 and 35%) and soccer (difference ranging between 5 and 60%) players across all loads (40-110% of BM). Rugby players exhibited higher absolute bar-power (mean difference = 22%) and bar-force (mean difference = 16%) values than soccer players, but these differences no longer existed when the data were adjusted for BM (mean difference = 2.5%). Sprinters optimized their bar-power production at significantly greater relative loads (%BM) than rugby (mean difference = 22%) and soccer players (mean difference = 25%); nonetheless, all groups generated their maximum bar-power outputs at similar bar velocities. For the first time, we provided reference values for the jump-squat exercise for three different bar-velocity measures (i.e., mean, mean propulsive, and peak velocity) for sprinters, rugby players, and soccer players, over a wide range of relative loads. Practitioners can use these reference values to monitor their athletes and compare them with top-level sprinters and team-sport players.
本研究的目的是比较126名男性短跑运动员（n = 62）、橄榄球运动员（n = 32）和足球运动员（n = 32）通过线性速度传感器收集的一组杠铃力学参数的结果，并提供参考数据。在深蹲跳练习中评估杠铃速度、杠铃力和杠铃功率输出，深蹲跳高度由杠铃峰值速度确定。测试从运动员体重（BM）的40%负荷开始，逐渐增加10%BM的负荷，直到观察到杠铃功率明显下降。使用单因素方差分析对三项运动的杠铃变量进行比较。在所有负荷（BM的40 - 110%）下，短跑运动员的杠铃速度、力量和功率以及深蹲跳高度的相对测量值显著高于橄榄球运动员（差异在5%至35%之间）和足球运动员（差异在5%至60%之间）。橄榄球运动员的绝对杠铃功率（平均差异 = 22%）和杠铃力（平均差异 = 16%）值高于足球运动员，但在根据BM进行数据调整后，这些差异不再存在（平均差异 = 2.5%）。短跑运动员在比橄榄球运动员（平均差异 = 22%）和足球运动员（平均差异 = 25%）显著更高的相对负荷（%BM）下优化其杠铃功率产生；尽管如此，所有组在相似的杠铃速度下产生最大杠铃功率输出。我们首次提供了短跑运动员、橄榄球运动员和足球运动员在广泛的相对负荷范围内，三种不同杠铃速度测量值（即平均速度、平均推进速度和峰值速度）的深蹲跳练习参考值。从业者可以使用这些参考值来监测他们的运动员，并与顶级短跑运动员和团队运动运动员进行比较。
