Gelalcha Benti Deresa, Kerro Dego Oudessa
Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Sep 27;11(10):1313. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11101313.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top global health threats of the 21th century. Recent studies are increasingly reporting the rise in extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing (ESBLs-Ent) in dairy cattle and humans in the USA. The causes of the increased prevalence of ESBLs-Ent infections in humans and commensal ESBLs-Ent in dairy cattle farms are mostly unknown. However, the extensive use of beta-lactam antibiotics, especially third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) in dairy farms and human health, can be implicated as a major driver for the rise in ESBLs-Ent. The rise in ESBLs-Ent, particularly ESBLs- and ESBLs- species in the USA dairy cattle is not only an animal health issue but also a serious public health concern. The ESBLs- and spp. can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with carrier animals or indirectly through the food chain or via the environment. The USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports also showed continuous increase in community-associated human infections caused by ESBLs-Ent. Some studies attributed the elevated prevalence of ESBLs-Ent infections in humans to the frequent use of 3GCs in dairy farms. However, the status of ESBLs-Ent in dairy cattle and their contribution to human infections caused by ESBLs-producing enteric bacteria in the USA is the subject of further study. The aims of this review are to give in-depth insights into the status of ESBL-Ent in the USA dairy farms and its implication for public health and to highlight some critical research gaps that need to be addressed.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是21世纪全球最大的健康威胁之一。最近的研究越来越多地报道了美国奶牛和人类中产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs-Ent）的情况有所增加。人类ESBLs-Ent感染患病率上升以及奶牛场共生ESBLs-Ent的原因大多尚不清楚。然而，β-内酰胺类抗生素，尤其是第三代头孢菌素（3GCs）在奶牛场和人类健康中的广泛使用，可能是ESBLs-Ent增加的主要驱动因素。美国奶牛中ESBLs-Ent的增加，特别是ESBLs-和ESBLs-菌株，不仅是一个动物健康问题，也是一个严重的公共卫生问题。ESBLs-和 spp. 可以通过直接接触携带动物、间接通过食物链或环境传播给人类。美国疾病控制与预防中心的报告还显示，由ESBLs-Ent引起的社区相关人类感染持续增加。一些研究将人类中ESBLs-Ent感染患病率的升高归因于奶牛场频繁使用3GCs。然而，美国奶牛中ESBLs-Ent的状况及其对由产ESBLs肠道细菌引起的人类感染的贡献仍有待进一步研究。本综述的目的是深入了解美国奶牛场中ESBL-Ent的状况及其对公共卫生的影响，并突出一些需要解决的关键研究空白。
