Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 21;23(20):12681. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012681.
Cell-based assays, conducted on monolayer (2D) cultured cells, are an unquestionably valuable tool for biomedical research. However, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models have gained relevance over the last few years due to the advantages of better mimicking the microenvironment and tissue microarchitecture in vivo. Recent magnetic-based 3D (m3D) cell culture systems can be used for this purpose. These systems are based on exposing magnetized cells to magnetic fields by levitation, bioprinting, or ring formation to promote cell aggregation into 3D structures. However, the successful development of these structures is dependent on several methodological characteristics and can be applied to mimic different human tissues. Thus, a systematic review was performed using Medline (via Pubmed), Scopus, and Web of Science (until February 2022) databases to aggregate studies using m3D culture in which human tissues were mimicked. The search generated 3784 records, of which 25 met the inclusion criteria. The usability of these m3D systems for the development of homotypic or heterotypic spheroids with or without scaffolds was explored in these studies. We also explore methodological differences specifically related to the magnetic method. Generally, the development of m3D cultures has been increasing, with bioprinting and levitation systems being the most used to generate homotypic or heterotypic cultures, mainly to mimic the physiology of human tissues, but also to perform therapeutic screening. This systematic review showed that there are areas of research where the application of this method remains barely explored, such as cancer research.
基于细胞的分析，在单层（2D）培养细胞上进行，是生物医学研究中无疑非常有价值的工具。然而，由于更好地模拟体内微环境和组织微结构的优势，三维（3D）细胞培养模型在过去几年中得到了关注。最近的基于磁性的 3D（m3D）细胞培养系统可用于此目的。这些系统基于通过悬浮、生物打印或环形成使磁化细胞暴露于磁场，以促进细胞聚集到 3D 结构中。然而，这些结构的成功开发取决于几个方法学特征，并且可以应用于模拟不同的人体组织。因此，使用 Medline（通过 Pubmed）、Scopus 和 Web of Science（截至 2022 年 2 月）数据库进行了系统评价，以汇总使用 m3D 培养模拟人体组织的研究。搜索生成了 3784 条记录，其中 25 条符合纳入标准。这些研究探讨了这些 m3D 系统在开发同质或异质球体（有或没有支架）中的可用性。我们还专门探讨了与磁方法相关的方法学差异。一般来说，m3D 培养的发展一直在增加，生物打印和悬浮系统是最常用于生成同质或异质培养的系统，主要是模拟人体组织的生理学，但也用于进行治疗筛选。这项系统评价表明，在某些研究领域，该方法的应用几乎没有得到探索，例如癌症研究。
