Phithakrotchanakoon Chitwadee, Mayteeworakoon Sermsiri, Siriarchawatana Paopit, Kitikhun Supattra, Harnpicharnchai Piyanun, Wansom Supaporn, Eurwilaichitr Lily, Ingsriswang Supawadee
Microbial Systems and Computational Biology Research Team, Thailand Bioresource Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
National Energy Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Oct 10;13:1006446. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1006446. eCollection 2022.
Complex dynamic bacterial-fungal interactions play key roles during mushroom growth, ranging from mutualism to antagonism. These interactions convey a large influence on mushroom's mycelial and fruiting body formation during mushroom cultivation. In this study, high-throughput amplicon sequencing was conducted to investigate the structure of bacterial communities in spent mushroom substrates obtained from cultivation of two different groups of with (A) high yield and (B) low yield of fruiting body production. It was found that species richness and diversity of microbiota in group (A) samples were significantly higher than in group (B) samples. Among the identified 765 bacterial OTUs, 5 bacterial species found to exhibit high differential abundance between group (A) and group (B) were , , , , and . The co-cultivation with selected bacterial strains showed that TBRC 12900 co-cultivated with TBRC-BCC 42794 promoted a high level of mycelial growth. Proteomics analysis was performed to elucidate the biological activities involved in the mutualistic association between TBRC 12900 and TBRC-BCC 42794. After co-cultivation of TBRC 12900 and TBRC-BCC 42794, 1,616 proteins were detected including 578 proteins of origin and 1,038 proteins of origin. Functional analysis and PPI network construction revealed that the high level of mycelial growth in the co-culture condition most likely resulted from concerted actions of (a) carbohydrate-active enzymes including hydrolases, glycosyltransferases, and carbohydrate esterases important for carbohydrate metabolism and cell wall generation/remodeling, (b) peptidases including cysteine-, metallo-, and serine-peptidases, (c) transporters including the ABC-type transporter superfamily, the FAT transporter family, and the VGP family, and (d) proteins with proposed roles in formation of metabolites that can act as growth-promoting molecules or those normally contain antimicrobial activity (e.g., indoles, terpenes, -lactones, lanthipeptides, iturins, and ectoines). The findings will provide novel insights into bacterial-fungal interactions during mycelial growth and fruiting body formation. Our results can be utilized for the selection of growth-promoting bacteria to improve the cultivation process of with a high production yield, thus conveying potentially high socio-economic impact to mushroom agriculture.
复杂的动态细菌 - 真菌相互作用在蘑菇生长过程中起着关键作用，范围从共生到拮抗。这些相互作用对蘑菇栽培过程中蘑菇的菌丝体和子实体形成有很大影响。在本研究中，进行了高通量扩增子测序，以研究从两组不同的、（A）子实体产量高和（B）子实体产量低的蘑菇栽培中获得的废蘑菇基质中的细菌群落结构。发现（A）组样品中微生物群的物种丰富度和多样性显著高于（B）组样品。在鉴定出的765个细菌OTU中，发现（A）组和（B）组之间表现出高差异丰度的5种细菌是、、、、和。与选定细菌菌株的共培养表明，与TBRC - BCC 42794共培养的TBRC 12900促进了高水平的菌丝体生长。进行了蛋白质组学分析，以阐明TBRC 12900和TBRC - BCC 42794之间互利共生关系中涉及的生物活性。TBRC 12900和TBRC - BCC 42794共培养后，检测到1616种蛋白质，包括578种起源的蛋白质和1038种起源的蛋白质。功能分析和蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用网络构建表明，共培养条件下高水平的菌丝体生长最有可能是由于以下协同作用导致的：（a）碳水化合物活性酶，包括对碳水化合物代谢和细胞壁生成/重塑很重要的水解酶、糖基转移酶和碳水化合物酯酶；（b）肽酶，包括半胱氨酸、金属和丝氨酸肽酶；（c）转运蛋白，包括ABC型转运蛋白超家族、FAT转运蛋白家族和VGP家族；（d）在可作为生长促进分子或通常具有抗菌活性的代谢物形成中起作用的蛋白质（例如吲哚、萜类化合物、 - 内酯、羊毛硫肽、伊枯草菌素和依克多因）。这些发现将为菌丝体生长和子实体形成过程中的细菌 - 真菌相互作用提供新的见解。我们的结果可用于选择促进生长的细菌，以改善高产的栽培过程，从而对蘑菇农业产生潜在的高社会经济影响。
