Boncel Sławomir, Jędrysiak Rafał G, Czerw Marek, Kolanowska Anna, Blacha Anna W, Imielski Maciej, Jóźwiak Bertrand, Dzida Marzena H, Greer Heather F, Sobotnicki Aleksander
Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
ACS Appl Nano Mater. 2022 Oct 28;5(10):15762-15774. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.2c03904. Epub 2022 Oct 7.
A growing population suffering from or at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases can benefit from rapid, precise, and readily available diagnostics. Textronics is an interdisciplinary approach for designing and manufacturing high-performance flexible electronics integrated with textiles for various applications, with electrocardiography (ECG) being the most convenient and most frequently used diagnostic technique for textronic solutions. The key challenges that still exist for textronics include expedient manufacturing, adaptation to human subjects, sustained operational stability for Holter-type data acquisition, reproducibility, and compatibility with existing solutions. The present study demonstrates conveniently paintable ECG electroconductive coatings on T-shirts woven from polyester or 70% polyamide and 30% polyester. The up to 600-μm-thick coatings encompass working electrodes of low resistivity 60 Ω sq sheathed in the insulated pathways-conjugable with a wireless, multichannel ECG recorder. Long (800 μm) multiwalled carbon nanotubes, with scalable reproducibility and purity (18 g per round of synthesis), constituted the electroactive components and were embedded into a commercially available screen-printing acrylic base. The resulting paint had a viscosity of 0.75 Pa·s at 56 s and 25 °C and was conveniently applied using a paintbrush, making this technique accessible to manufacturers. The amplified and nondigitally processed ECG signals were recorded under dry-skin conditions using a certified ECG recorder. The system enabled the collection of ECG signals from two channels, allowing the acquisition of cardiac electrical activity on six ECG leads with quality at par with medical diagnostics. Importantly, the Holter-type ECG allowed ambulatory recording for >24 h under various activities (sitting, sleeping, walking, and running) in three male participants. The ECG signal was stable for >5 cycles of washing, a level of stability not reported yet previously. The developed ECG-textronic application possesses acceptable and reproducible characteristics, making this technology a suitable candidate for further testing in clinical trials.
越来越多患有心血管疾病或有患心血管疾病高风险的人群能够从快速、精确且易于获取的诊断中受益。纺织电子学是一种跨学科方法，用于设计和制造集成了纺织品的高性能柔性电子产品，以用于各种应用，其中心电图（ECG）是纺织电子学解决方案中最便捷且最常用的诊断技术。纺织电子学仍然存在的关键挑战包括便捷制造、适应人体、动态心电图（Holter）式数据采集的持续运行稳定性、可重复性以及与现有解决方案的兼容性。本研究展示了可方便地涂覆于由聚酯或70%聚酰胺与30%聚酯混纺而成的T恤上的心电图导电涂层。厚度达600微米的涂层包含低电阻率为60Ω/sq的工作电极，这些电极包覆在绝缘通道中，可与无线多通道心电图记录仪连接。长800微米的多壁碳纳米管具有可扩展的可重复性和纯度（每轮合成18克），构成了电活性成分，并被嵌入市售的丝网印刷丙烯酸基底中。所得涂料在56秒和25℃时的粘度为0.75Pa·s，使用画笔即可方便地涂抹，使得该技术易于被制造商采用。放大且未经数字处理的心电图信号在干皮肤条件下使用经认证的心电图记录仪进行记录。该系统能够从两个通道采集心电图信号，从而在六个心电图导联上获取心脏电活动，其质量与医学诊断相当。重要的是，这种动态心电图式心电图能够在三名男性参与者进行各种活动（坐着、睡觉、行走和跑步）时进行超过24小时的动态记录。心电图信号在超过5次洗涤循环后仍保持稳定，这一稳定性水平此前尚未见报道。所开发的心电图纺织电子应用具有可接受且可重复的特性，使得该技术成为临床试验中进一步测试的合适候选者。
