Neculai-Valeanu Andra-Sabina, Ariton Adina-Mirela
Research and Development Station for Cattle Breeding Dancu, Laboratory of Nutrition, Quality and Safety of Food Products, 700490 Iasi, Romania.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2022 Oct 23;9(11):608. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9110608.
To maximize milk production, efficiency, and profits, modern dairy cows are genetically selected and bred to produce more and more milk and are fed copious quantities of high-energy feed to support ever-increasing milk volumes. As demands for increased milk yield and milking efficiency continue to rise to provide for the growing world population, more significant stress is placed on the dairy cow's productive capacity. In this climate, which is becoming increasingly hotter, millions of people depend on the capacity of cattle to respond to new environments and to cope with temperature shocks as well as additional stress factors such as solar radiation, animal crowding, insect pests, and poor ventilation, which are often associated with an increased risk of mastitis, resulting in lower milk quality and reduced production. This article reviews the impact of heat stress on milk production and quality and emphasizes the importance of udder health monitoring, with a focus on the use of emergent methods for monitoring udder health, such as infrared thermography, biosensors, and lab-on-chip devices, which may promote animal health and welfare, as well as the quality and safety of dairy products, without hindering the technological flow, while providing significant benefits to farmers, manufacturers, and consumers.
为了使产奶量、效率和利润最大化，现代奶牛经过基因选择和培育，以产出越来越多的牛奶，并被投喂大量高能饲料来支持不断增加的产奶量。随着为满足不断增长的世界人口需求，对提高牛奶产量和挤奶效率的要求持续上升，奶牛的生产能力面临着更大的压力。在这种气候日益炎热的情况下，数百万人依赖奶牛应对新环境、应对温度冲击以及其他压力因素（如太阳辐射、动物拥挤、害虫和通风不良）的能力，而这些因素往往与乳腺炎风险增加相关，会导致牛奶质量下降和产量减少。本文综述了热应激对牛奶生产和质量的影响，并强调了乳房健康监测的重要性，重点介绍了用于监测乳房健康的新兴方法，如红外热成像、生物传感器和芯片实验室设备，这些方法可以促进动物健康和福利以及乳制品的质量和安全，而不会阻碍工艺流程，同时为农民、制造商和消费者带来显著益处。
