Liang Xin, Qian Ruyi, Wang Dan, Liu Lijuan, Sun Chengliang, Lin Xianyong
MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Iterdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Oct 29;11(11):1590. doi: 10.3390/biology11111590.
Aldehydes, derivatives of lipids, are ubiquitously produced through non-enzymatic and enzymatic pathways in higher plants and participate in many physiological and biological processes. Increasing evidence demonstrates that aldehydes are involved in plants response to many abiotic stresses, such as light, drought, heat and nutrient deficiency. In plant cells, endogenously triggered or exogenously applied high concentrations of aldehydes can damage proteins and nucleic acid, disturb redox homeostasis, and consequently inhibit plant growth; therefore, they are considered cytotoxins. Aldehyde levels are also used as biomarkers to evaluate the health status of plants. Further genetic research shows that several enzymes have strong capacities to detoxify these electrophilic aldehydes. Small molecules, such as carnosine and glutathione, also exhibit the ability to scavenge aldehydes, effectively promoting plant growth. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that certain aldehydes at certain concentrations can upregulate survival genes, activate antioxidant responses, increase defense against pathogens and stimulate plant growth. This review summarizes recent studies of lipid-derived aldehydes in higher plants, mainly focusing on the generation pathway, toxic effects, and detoxification strategies. In addition, the signaling effects of aldehydes in plants are also discussed.
醛类作为脂质衍生物，在高等植物中通过非酶和酶促途径广泛产生，并参与许多生理和生物学过程。越来越多的证据表明，醛类参与植物对多种非生物胁迫的响应，如光照、干旱、高温和营养缺乏。在植物细胞中，内源性引发或外源性施加的高浓度醛类会损害蛋白质和核酸，扰乱氧化还原稳态，进而抑制植物生长；因此，它们被视为细胞毒素。醛类水平也被用作评估植物健康状况的生物标志物。进一步的遗传学研究表明，几种酶具有很强的能力来解毒这些亲电醛类。小分子，如肌肽和谷胱甘肽，也表现出清除醛类的能力，有效促进植物生长。最近，越来越多的证据表明，某些浓度的特定醛类可以上调存活基因，激活抗氧化反应，增强对病原体的防御并刺激植物生长。本综述总结了高等植物中脂质衍生醛类的最新研究，主要关注其生成途径、毒性作用和解毒策略。此外，还讨论了醛类在植物中的信号传导作用。
