Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBASSE, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Sector-U, DHA, Lahore 54792, Pakistan.
H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Molecules. 2022 Nov 5;27(21):7586. doi: 10.3390/molecules27217586.
Indole alkaloids represent a large subset of natural products, with more than 4100 known compounds. The majority of these alkaloids are biologically active, with some exhibiting excellent antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiplasmodial activities. Consequently, the natural products of this class have attracted considerable attention as potential leads for novel therapeutics and are routinely isolated, characterized, and profiled to gauge their biological potential. However, data on indole alkaloids, their various structures, and bioactivities are complex due to their diverse sources, such as plants, fungi, bacteria, sponges, tunicates, and bryozoans; thus, isolation methods produce an incredible trove of information. The situation is exacerbated when synthetic derivatives, as well as their structures, bioactivities, and synthetic schemes, are considered. Thus, to make such data comprehensive and inform researchers about the current field's state, this review summarizes recent reports on novel indole alkaloids. It deals with the isolation and characterization of 250 novel indole alkaloids, a reappraisal of previously reported compounds, and total syntheses of indole alkaloids. In addition, several syntheses and semi-syntheses of indole-containing derivatives and their bioactivities are reported between January 2019 and July 2022.
吲哚生物碱是天然产物的一个重要分支，已知化合物超过 4100 种。这些生物碱大多数具有生物活性，其中一些具有优异的抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒、抗真菌和抗疟原虫活性。因此，该类天然产物作为新型治疗药物的潜在先导化合物引起了广泛关注，并经常被分离、鉴定和分析其生物潜力。然而，由于其来源多样，如植物、真菌、细菌、海绵、被囊动物和苔藓动物等，吲哚生物碱及其各种结构和生物活性的数据非常复杂；因此，分离方法产生了大量的信息。当考虑到合成衍生物及其结构、生物活性和合成方案时，情况会更加复杂。因此，为了使这些数据全面，并让研究人员了解当前领域的状况，本综述总结了最近关于新型吲哚生物碱的报道。它涉及 250 种新型吲哚生物碱的分离和鉴定，对以前报道的化合物进行重新评估，以及吲哚生物碱的全合成。此外，还报告了 2019 年 1 月至 2022 年 7 月间含吲哚衍生物的合成和半合成及其生物活性。
