Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2022 Dec;77:102005. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.102005. Epub 2022 Nov 11.
Centromeres are essential loci in eukaryotes that are necessary for the faithful segregation of chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis. Centromeres organize the kinetochore, the protein machine that attaches sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes to spindle microtubules and regulates their disjunction. Centromeres have both genetic and epigenetic determinants, which can come into conflict in asymmetric female meiosis in seed plants and animals. The centromere drive model was proposed to describe this conflict and explain how it leads to the rapid evolution of both centromeres and kinetochores. Recent studies confirm key aspects of the centromere drive model, clarify its mechanisms, and implicate rapid centromere/kinetochore evolution in hybrid inviability between species.
着丝粒是真核生物中的必需基因座，对于有丝分裂和减数分裂中染色体的正确分离至关重要。着丝粒组织形成动粒，这是一种将姐妹染色单体或同源染色体连接到纺锤体微管上并调节它们分离的蛋白质机器。着丝粒既有遗传决定因素，也有表观遗传决定因素，在种子植物和动物的不对称雌性减数分裂中可能会发生冲突。着丝粒驱动模型被提出来描述这种冲突，并解释它如何导致着丝粒和动粒的快速进化。最近的研究证实了着丝粒驱动模型的关键方面，阐明了其机制，并表明快速的着丝粒/动粒进化导致了物种间杂种不育。
