Selecting the right therapeutic target for kidney disease.

Kidney disease is a complex disease with several different etiologies and underlying associated pathophysiology. This is reflected by the lack of effective treatment therapies in chronic kidney disease (CKD) that stop disease progression. However, novel strategies, recent scientific breakthroughs, and technological advances have revealed new possibilities for finding novel disease drivers in CKD. This review describes some of the latest advances in the field and brings them together in a more holistic framework as applied to identification and validation of disease drivers in CKD. It uses high-resolution 'patient-centric' omics data sets, advanced tools (systems biology, connectivity mapping, and machine learning) and 'state-of-the-art' experimental systems (complex 3D systems , CRISPR gene editing, and various model biological systems ). Application of such a framework is expected to increase the likelihood of successful identification of novel drug candidates based on strong human target validation and a better scientific understanding of underlying mechanisms.