School of Leisure Sport and Management, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.
PLoS One. 2022 Nov 28;17(11):e0277985. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277985. eCollection 2022.
Coaching style is key to athletes' performance and mental well-being. However, few attempts have examined the effects of coaching style on athletes in a Chinese cultural context. Based on previous literature and 23 expert interviews (11 with athletes and 12 with coaches), we rebuilt a 16-items on the Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale. In study 1, 130 provincial team athletes completed a 16-items questionnaire on controlling coach behaviors. The questionnaire items were then screened using exploratory factor analysis and transformed into a formal scale. In study 2, another 560 provincial athletes completed several measures related to coaching style, motivation, subjective vitality, and burnout, and systematic tests were carried out to validate the scale. Study 3 examined the test-retest reliability of the Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale over a 2-week interval. Finally, the present study yielded a nine-item Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale with three dimensions (controlling use of reward, negative conditional regard, and excessive personal control). It suggests that cultural differences played an important role in the communication between athletes and coaches. The new Controlling Coach Behaviors Scale shows good validity and can be used in future research.
教练风格是运动员表现和心理健康的关键。然而，很少有研究尝试在中国文化背景下考察教练风格对运动员的影响。基于以往的文献和 23 次专家访谈（运动员 11 次，教练 12 次），我们重新构建了一个包含 16 个条目的控制型教练行为量表。在研究 1 中，130 名省级运动队运动员完成了一份包含 16 个条目的控制型教练行为问卷。然后，通过探索性因素分析对问卷条目进行筛选，并将其转化为正式量表。在研究 2 中，另外 560 名省级运动员完成了与教练风格、动机、主观活力和倦怠相关的几个测量，系统地进行了验证。研究 3 考察了控制型教练行为量表在两周间隔内的重测信度。最后，本研究得出了一个包含三个维度（奖励的控制性使用、消极条件关注和过度个人控制）的九项控制型教练行为量表。这表明文化差异在运动员和教练之间的沟通中起着重要作用。新的控制型教练行为量表具有良好的有效性，可以在未来的研究中使用。
