Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence (MIRMI), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Department of Computer Engineering, Institute of Cognitive Systems, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2022 Dec 1;12(1):20764. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24899-8.
When a human and machine collaborate on a shared task, ambiguous events might occur that could be perceived as an error by the human partner. In such events, spontaneous error-related potentials (ErrPs) are evoked in the human brain. Knowing whom the human perceived as responsible for the error would help a machine in co-adaptation and shared control paradigms to better adapt to human preferences. Therefore, we ask whether self- and agent-related errors evoke different ErrPs. Eleven subjects participated in an electroencephalography human-agent collaboration experiment with a collaborative trajectory-following task on two collaboration levels, where movement errors occurred as trajectory deviations. Independently of the collaboration level, we observed a higher amplitude of the responses on the midline central Cz electrode for self-related errors compared to observed errors made by the agent. On average, Support Vector Machines classified self- and agent-related errors with 72.64% accuracy using subject-specific features. These results demonstrate that ErrPs can tell if a person relates an error to themselves or an external autonomous agent during collaboration. Thus, the collaborative machine will receive more informed feedback for the error attribution that allows appropriate error identification, a possibility for correction, and avoidance in future actions.
当人类和机器在共同任务上协作时，可能会出现一些模糊事件，这些事件可能会被人类伙伴视为错误。在这种情况下，人类大脑会产生自发的与错误相关的电位 (ErrPs)。了解人类认为谁应对错误负责，将有助于机器在共同适应和共享控制范式中更好地适应人类的偏好。因此，我们想知道自我和代理相关的错误是否会引起不同的 ErrPs。11 名受试者参与了一项脑电图人类-代理协作实验，该实验涉及协作跟踪任务和两个协作水平，其中运动错误表现为轨迹偏差。无论协作水平如何，我们都观察到与代理相关的错误相比，自我相关的错误在中线中央 Cz 电极上的反应幅度更高。平均而言，支持向量机使用特定于主体的特征对自我和代理相关的错误进行分类，准确率为 72.64%。这些结果表明，ErrPs 可以判断一个人在协作期间是否将错误归因于自己或外部自主代理。因此，协作机器将收到更具启发性的错误归因反馈，这使得能够正确识别错误、进行更正并避免在未来的行动中再次出现错误。
