College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China.
BMC Genomics. 2022 Dec 2;23(1):795. doi: 10.1186/s12864-022-09006-5.
Texture quality is impotent for melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit. β-galactosidase (β-Gal, EC 3.2.1.23) is an important cell wall glycosyl hydrolase involved in fruit softening, However, the β-Gal gene (BGALs) family hasn't been identified genome-wide in melon. Thus, it's necessary to conduct an in-depth bioinformatic analysis on melon BGALs family and to seek out the key members who participated in melon fruit softening.
A total of 21 BGALs members designated as CmBGAL1-CmBGAL21 were identified genome-wide in melon, clustered into A-G seven clades. Among them, three duplications CmBGAL1:CmBGAL3, CmBGAL19:CmBGAL21, and CmBGAL20:CmBGAL21 happened. For conserved domains, besides the Glyco_hydro_35 domain (PF01301), all the members also contained the GHD domain (PF17834) except for CmBGAL12, and the Gal_Lectin (PF02140) domain existed in most CmBGALs at the C-termini. Motifs, protein secondary and tertiary structure analysis showed that the CmBGAL12 is a unique member. Moreover, protein-protein association network analysis showed that the CmBGAL12 is the only node protein. Furthermore, spatiotemporal expression pattern analysis by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) suggested that most of CmBGALs expressed in tissues with vigorous cell wall remodeling/disassembly. In addition, cis-acting regulatory elements analysis in promoters inferred that CmBGALs might participate in diverse responsiveness to phytohormone, biotic and abiotic signaling.
A novel clade of CmBGAL members (Clade F) related to melon fruit softening was discovered, since their expression showed a specific surge in the mature fruit of 'HPM' with mealy texture (softening sharply), but not in 'HDB' with crisp texture (softening bluntly). The homologous CmBGAL7-11 in Clade F exhibited identical spatiotemporal expression patterns may multiple genes leading to melon fruit softening.
质地质量对甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）果实很重要。β-半乳糖苷酶（β-Gal，EC 3.2.1.23）是一种重要的细胞壁糖基水解酶，参与果实软化，然而，β-Gal 基因（BGALs）家族尚未在甜瓜中进行全基因组鉴定。因此，有必要对甜瓜 BGAL 家族进行深入的生物信息学分析，并寻找参与甜瓜果实软化的关键成员。
在甜瓜中，共鉴定到 21 个 BGALs 成员，命名为 CmBGAL1-CmBGAL21，分为 A-G 七个分支。其中，发生了 3 次基因复制 CmBGAL1:CmBGAL3、CmBGAL19:CmBGAL21 和 CmBGAL20:CmBGAL21。在保守结构域方面，除了 Glyco_hydro_35 结构域（PF01301）外，所有成员还包含 GHD 结构域（PF17834），除了 CmBGAL12 之外，大多数 CmBGAL 还在 C 末端含有 Gal_Lectin（PF02140）结构域。基序、蛋白质二级和三级结构分析表明，CmBGAL12 是一个独特的成员。此外，蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络分析表明，CmBGAL12 是唯一的节点蛋白。此外，通过定量实时 PCR（qRT-PCR）进行的时空表达模式分析表明，大多数 CmBGALs 在细胞壁重塑/解体活跃的组织中表达。此外，启动子中的顺式作用调节元件分析推断，CmBGALs 可能参与对植物激素、生物和非生物信号的多种响应。
发现了一个与甜瓜果实软化相关的新的 CmBGAL 成员（Clade F），因为它们的表达在质地柔软（软化明显）的‘HPM’成熟果实中出现特定的激增，但在质地酥脆（软化迟钝）的‘HDB’中没有出现。Clade F 中的同源 CmBGAL7-11 表现出相同的时空表达模式，可能是导致甜瓜果实软化的多个基因。
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