Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Dec 6;22(1):2279. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14468-z.
Non-pharmacological interventions (e.g., stay-at-home orders, school closures, physical distancing) implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic are expected to have modified routines and lifestyles, eventually impacting key exposome parameters, including, among others, physical activity, diet and cleaning habits. The objectives were to describe the exposomic profile of the general Cypriot population and compliance to the population-wide measures implemented during March-May 2020 to lower the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and to simulate the population-wide measures' effect on social contacts and SARS-CoV-2 spread. A survey was conducted in March-May 2020 capturing different exposome parameters, e.g., individual characteristics, lifestyle/habits, time spent and contacts at home/work/elsewhere. We described the exposome parameters and their correlations. In an exposome-wide association analysis, we used the number of hours spent at home as an indicator of compliance to the measures. We generated synthetic human proximity networks, before and during the measures using the dynamic-[Formula: see text] model and simulated SARS-CoV-2 transmission (i.e., to identify possible places where higher transmission/number of cases could originate from) on the networks with a dynamic Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered model. Overall, 594 respondents were included in the analysis (mean age 45.7 years, > 50% in very good health and communicating daily with friends/family via phone/online). The median number of contacts at home and at work decreased during the measures (from 3 to 2 and from 12 to 0, respectively) and the hours spent at home increased, indicating compliance with the measures. Increased time spent at home during the measures was associated with time spent at work before the measures (β= -0.87, 95% CI [-1.21,-0.53]) as well as with being retired vs employed (β= 2.32, 95% CI [1.70, 2.93]). The temporal network analysis indicated that most cases originated at work, while the synthetic human proximity networks adequately reproduced the observed SARS-CoV-2 spread. Exposome approaches (i.e., holistic characterization of the spatiotemporal variation of multiple exposures) would aid the comprehensive description of population-wide measures' impact and explore how behaviors and networks may shape SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
非药物干预措施（例如，居家令、学校停课、保持身体距离）在 COVID-19 大流行期间实施，预计会改变日常生活和生活方式，最终影响关键的暴露组参数，包括但不限于身体活动、饮食和清洁习惯。本研究的目的是描述塞浦路斯普通人群的暴露组谱，并描述为降低 SARS-CoV-2 传播风险而在 2020 年 3 月至 5 月实施的全人群措施的遵守情况，模拟全人群措施对社会接触和 SARS-CoV-2 传播的影响。本研究于 2020 年 3 月至 5 月期间进行了一项调查，以获取不同的暴露组参数，例如个人特征、生活方式/习惯、在家/工作/其他地方花费的时间和接触情况。我们描述了暴露组参数及其相关性。在全暴露组关联分析中，我们使用在家中度过的时间来表示对措施的遵守情况。我们使用动态-[Formula: see text]模型在措施实施前后生成了合成人类接近网络，并使用动态易感-暴露-感染-恢复模型在网络上模拟了 SARS-CoV-2 的传播（即，识别可能出现更高传播/病例的地方）。总体而言，594 名受访者被纳入分析（平均年龄 45.7 岁，超过 50%的人身体健康，每天通过电话/在线与朋友/家人交流）。措施实施期间，在家中和工作中的接触人数中位数减少（分别从 3 次减少到 2 次，从 12 次减少到 0 次），在家中度过的时间增加，表明措施得到了遵守。措施实施期间在家中度过的时间增加与措施实施前的工作时间有关（β=-0.87，95%CI [-1.21,-0.53]），与退休人员与在职人员相比（β=2.32，95%CI [1.70, 2.93]）。时间网络分析表明，大多数病例源自工作场所，而合成人类接近网络很好地再现了观察到的 SARS-CoV-2 传播。暴露组方法（即，对多种暴露的时空变化进行全面描述）将有助于全面描述全人群措施的影响，并探索行为和网络如何影响 SARS-CoV-2 的传播。
