Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Xunta de Galicia, Pedras de Corón, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain.
Instituto Tecnolóxico Para o Control de Medio Mariño de Galicia (INTECMAR), Xunta de Galicia, Peirao de Vilaxoán s/n, 36611 Vilagarcía de Arousa, Spain.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Dec 1;14(12):837. doi: 10.3390/toxins14120837.
Twenty-five years of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxicity in Galician bivalves have been studied. PSP was detected in 4785 out of 73,740 samples of the commercially important bivalve species analyzed from 1995 to 2020. Its general prevalence in the area was 6.5%. Only 1.6% of all samples tested were over the regulatory limit (incidence). The maximum level of PSP in the area, 40,800 µg STX 2HCl-eq kg, was recorded in raft mussels from Bueu (PON-II, Pontevedra) in December 2005. The highest maximum PSP values were found in mussels, which were mostly affected by , but not those of prevalence and incidence which were recorded in clams, mostly affected by . Average levels in mussels were higher than in any other studied species. Spatially, in general, the prevalence, incidence, maximum, and average PSP toxicity during episodes tend to decrease from south to northeast, but some hot points with high levels can be identified. PCA analysis separates the southern rías, associated to blooms, from the middle and northern ones, associated to blooms. Along the year, two main peaks of the four variables are observed, the first one in late autumn-winter and the other in summer, the summer peak being much more important for the infaunal species than for raft mussels. In the seasonal pattern obtained by time series analysis of the average PSP toxicity, the autumn-winter peak was only maintained (and very reduced) in the southern rías, indicating that this peak is seasonally much less important than the summer peak. The observed seasonality is expected based on the timing of the blooms of the two PSP-producing phytoplankton groups present in the area. Over the 25 years of monitoring, large differences in PSP toxicity have been observed. Apart from some special years, an ascending trend in prevalence and incidence seems to be present from 2011 to 2020. No trend seems to exist during the same period for average or maximum toxicity.
对加利西亚双壳贝类的麻痹性贝类毒素（PSP）毒性进行了 25 年的研究。在 1995 年至 2020 年分析的商业上重要的双壳贝类物种的 73740 个样本中，检测到 4785 个样本含有 PSP。该地区的总体流行率为 6.5%。只有 1.6%的所有测试样本超过了监管限制（发生率）。该地区 PSP 的最高水平为 40800µgSTX2HCl-eqkg，于 2005 年 12 月在 Bueu（PON-II，Pontevedra）的筏式贻贝中记录。贻贝中发现的最高 PSP 值最大，而在受影响最大的贻贝中发现的流行率和发生率则没有那么高，主要受影响的是蛤类。贻贝的平均水平高于其他任何研究物种。从空间上看，在整个事件过程中，流行率、发生率、最大值和平均 PSP 毒性往往从南到东北逐渐降低，但也可以识别出一些高浓度的热点。PCA 分析将与 水华相关的南部河口与与 水华相关的中部和北部河口区分开来。全年，四个变量中的两个主要峰值观察到，第一个在晚秋-冬季，另一个在夏季，夏季峰值对底栖物种的重要性远高于筏式贻贝。在通过平均 PSP 毒性的时间序列分析获得的季节性模式中，仅在南部河口保留了秋冬高峰（并且大大减少），这表明该高峰在季节性方面比夏季高峰重要得多。基于该地区存在的两种产生 PSP 的浮游植物群的水华时间，观察到的季节性是预期的。在 25 年的监测中，PSP 毒性存在很大差异。除了一些特殊年份外，从 2011 年到 2020 年，流行率和发生率似乎呈上升趋势。在同一时期，平均或最大毒性似乎没有趋势。
