Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, I.P. - L-IPIMAR, Avenida de Brasília s/n, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal.
Toxicon. 2010 Jan;55(1):162-5. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.07.010. Epub 2009 Jul 19.
Bivalve metabolites of saxitoxin analogues, not present in microalgae, were recently described as an important toxin fraction in mussels contaminated by Alexandrium tamarense. These possess very low fluorescence, and require mass spectrometry detection. HILIC-MS was implemented to look for these metabolites in bivalves contaminated during Gymnodinium catenatum blooms at the Portuguese coast. The presence of M1 was tentatively identified in several bivalves, ranging from estuarine (Mytilus galloprovinciallis, Cerastoderma edule and Ruditapes decussatus) to oceanic habitat (Donax trunculus and Ensis spp.). It was hypothesized that M1 could contribute to an important fraction of the profile of STX analogues. M1 was more abundant in estuarine bivalves that retain longer PSP toxins, in the following order: mussels>cockles>clams. These data highlight that the study by fluorimetry alone of the carbamoyl, N-sulfocarbamoyl, and decarbamoyl families is manifestly insufficient to fully understand toxin dynamics in bivalves feeding on G. catenatum without a proper study of hydroxybenzoate and hydroxylated M-toxins.
贝类中甲藻毒素类似物的双壳类代谢物，不存在于微藻中，最近被描述为受亚历山大藻污染贻贝类中的一个重要毒素成分。这些代谢物荧光非常低，需要质谱检测。采用亲水作用色谱-质谱（HILIC-MS）方法，在葡萄牙沿海因 Gymnodinium catenatum 水华而受到污染的贝类中寻找这些代谢物。在几种贝类中，暂定鉴定出存在 M1，这些贝类的生境从河口（贻贝、泥蚶和皱纹盘鲍）到海洋（马蹄螺和竹蛏属）。据推测，M1 可能是 STX 类似物谱的一个重要组成部分。M1 在保留更长时间 PSP 毒素的河口贝类中更为丰富，按以下顺序排列：贻贝>文蛤>蛤。这些数据表明，仅通过荧光法对氨基甲酰基、N-磺酰氨基甲酰基和脱氨基甲酰基家族进行研究，显然不足以在没有对羟基苯甲酸酯和羟基化 M 毒素进行适当研究的情况下，充分了解以 G. catenatum 为食的贝类中的毒素动态。
