College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Dec 2;12(12):1119. doi: 10.3390/bios12121119.
As a rapid and simple method for the detection of multiple targets, immunoassay has attracted extensive attention due to the merits of high specificity and sensitivity. Notably, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a widely used immunoassay, which can provide high detection sensitivity since the enzyme labels can promote the generation of catalytically amplified readouts. However, the natural enzyme labels usually suffer from low stability, high cost, and difficult storage. Inspired by the advantages of superior and tunable catalytic activities, easy preparation, low cost, and high stability, nanozymes have arisen to replace the natural enzymes in immunoassay; they also possess equivalent sensitivity and selectivity, as well as robustness. Up to now, various kinds of nanozymes, including mimic peroxidase, oxidase, and phosphatase, have been incorporated to construct immunosensors. Herein, the development of immunoassays based on nanozymes with various types of detection signals are highlighted and discussed in detail. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives of the design of novel nanozymes for widespread applications are discussed.
作为一种快速而简单的多目标检测方法，免疫测定因其高特异性和灵敏度的优点而引起了广泛关注。特别是，酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）是一种广泛使用的免疫测定方法，由于酶标记可以促进催化放大读数的产生，因此可以提供高检测灵敏度。然而，天然酶标记通常存在稳定性低、成本高和储存困难等问题。受优越和可调催化活性、易于制备、低成本和高稳定性优点的启发，纳米酶已取代天然酶用于免疫测定；它们还具有等效的灵敏度和选择性以及稳健性。到目前为止，各种类型的纳米酶，包括模拟过氧化物酶、氧化酶和磷酸酶，已被纳入构建免疫传感器。本文详细重点介绍和讨论了基于具有各种检测信号的纳米酶的免疫测定的发展。此外，还讨论了设计新型纳米酶以广泛应用的挑战和前景。
