Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco.
Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
Molecules. 2022 Dec 19;27(24):9043. doi: 10.3390/molecules27249043.
Alzheimer's disease remains one of the most widespread neurodegenerative reasons for dementia worldwide and is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. Therefore, it has been considered a priority for research. Indeed, several risk factors are involved in the complexity of the therapeutic ways of this pathology, including age, traumatic brain injury, genetics, exposure to aluminum, infections, diabetes, vascular diseases, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease is mostly associated with hyperphosphorylated protein in the neuronal cytoplasm and extracellular plaques of the insoluble β-amyloid peptide. Therefore, the management of this pathology needs the screening of drugs targeting different pathological levels, such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE), amyloid formation, and lipoxygenase inhibitors. Among the pharmacological strategies used for the management of Alzheimer's disease, natural drugs are considered a promising therapeutic strategy. Indeed, bioactive compounds isolated from different natural sources exhibit important anti-Alzheimer effects by their effectiveness in promoting neuroplasticity and protecting against neurodegeneration as well as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. These effects involve different sub-cellular, cellular, and/or molecular mechanisms, such as the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), the modulation of signaling pathways, and the inhibition of oxidative stress. Moreover, some nanoparticles were recently used as phytochemical delivery systems to improve the effects of phytochemical compounds against Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the present work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the key advances concerning nano-drug delivery applications of phytochemicals for Alzheimer's disease management.
阿尔茨海默病仍然是全球最广泛的神经退行性痴呆原因之一，与相当高的死亡率和发病率有关。因此，它被认为是研究的重点。事实上，几种风险因素涉及这种病理学的治疗方法的复杂性，包括年龄、脑外伤、遗传、接触铝、感染、糖尿病、血管疾病、高血压、血脂异常和肥胖。阿尔茨海默病的病理生理学主要与神经元细胞质中的磷酸化蛋白和不溶性β-淀粉样肽的细胞外斑块有关。因此，这种病理学的管理需要筛选针对不同病理水平的药物，如乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）、淀粉样形成和脂氧合酶抑制剂。在用于阿尔茨海默病管理的药理学策略中，天然药物被认为是一种有前途的治疗策略。事实上，从不同天然来源分离的生物活性化合物通过促进神经可塑性和防止神经变性以及大脑中的神经炎症和氧化应激，表现出重要的抗阿尔茨海默病作用，从而具有重要的抗阿尔茨海默病作用。这些作用涉及不同的亚细胞、细胞和/或分子机制，如乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）的抑制、信号通路的调节和氧化应激的抑制。此外，最近一些纳米颗粒被用作植物化学物质的传递系统，以提高植物化学物质对阿尔茨海默病的作用。因此，本工作旨在提供关于用于阿尔茨海默病管理的植物化学物质的纳米药物传递应用的关键进展的综合概述。
