Timoszyk Anna, Grochowalska Renata
Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 Nov 25;14(12):2599. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122599.
Recently, the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has been widely studied and described. In the age of bacterial drug resistance, an intensive search for new agents with antibacterial properties or a new form of antibiotics with effective action is necessary. As a result, the antibacterial activity of AuNPs functionalized with natural compounds is being investigated more frequently. AuNPs biosynthesized with plant extract or functionalized with bioactive compounds isolated from plants could be particularly useful for pharmaceutical applications. The biosynthesized AuNPs are stabilized by an envelope, which may consist of flavonoids, phenolic acids, lipids and proteins as well as carbohydrates and vitamins. The composition of the natural coating affects the size, shape and stability of the AuNPs and is also responsible for interactions with the bacterial cell wall. Recently, several mechanisms of AuNP interactions with bacterial cells have been identified. Nevertheless, they are not yet well understood, due to the large diversity of plants and biosynthesized AuNPs. Understanding the antibacterial mechanisms allows for the creation of pharmaceutical formulations in the most useful form. Utilizing AuNPs functionalized with plant compounds as antibacterial agents is still a new concept. However, the unique physicochemical and biological properties of AuNPs emphasises their potential for a broad range of applications in the future.
最近，金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）的生物合成已得到广泛研究和描述。在细菌耐药性的时代，迫切需要寻找具有抗菌特性的新药物或具有有效作用的新型抗生素。因此，用天然化合物功能化的AuNPs的抗菌活性正受到越来越频繁的研究。用植物提取物生物合成或用从植物中分离的生物活性化合物功能化的AuNPs可能对药物应用特别有用。生物合成的AuNPs由一层包膜稳定，该包膜可能由黄酮类化合物、酚酸、脂质、蛋白质以及碳水化合物和维生素组成。天然涂层的组成会影响AuNPs的大小、形状和稳定性，也负责与细菌细胞壁的相互作用。最近，已经确定了AuNP与细菌细胞相互作用的几种机制。然而，由于植物和生物合成的AuNPs种类繁多，这些机制尚未得到充分理解。了解抗菌机制有助于以最有用的形式制备药物制剂。利用用植物化合物功能化的AuNPs作为抗菌剂仍然是一个新概念。然而，AuNPs独特的物理化学和生物学特性强调了它们在未来广泛应用的潜力。
