Koob Valentin, Mackenzie Ian, Ulrich Rolf, Leuthold Hartmut, Janczyk Markus
Department of Psychology, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Cogn Psychol. 2023 Feb;140:101528. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2022.101528. Epub 2022 Dec 28.
In conflict tasks, such as the Simon, Eriksen flanker, or Stroop task, the congruency effect is often reduced after an incongruent compared to a congruent trial: the congruency sequence effect (CSE). It was suggested that the CSE may reflect increased processing of task-relevant information and/or suppression of task-irrelevant information after experiencing an incongruent relative to a congruent trial. In the present study, we contribute to this discussion by applying the Diffusion Model for Conflict tasks (DMC) framework in the context of CSEs to flanker and Simon tasks. We argue that DMC independently models the task-relevant and task-irrelevant information and thus is a first good candidate for disentangling their unique contributions. As a first approach, we fitted DMC conjointly or separately to previously congruent or incongruent trials, using four empirical flanker and two Simon data sets. For the flanker task, we fitted the classical DMC version. For the Simon task, we fitted a generalized DMC version which allows the task-irrelevant information to undershoot when swinging back to zero. After considering the model fits, we present a second approach, where we implemented a cognitive control mechanism to simulate the influence of increased processing of task-relevant information or increased suppression of task-irrelevant information. Both approaches demonstrate that the suppression of task-irrelevant information is essential to create the typical CSE pattern. Increased processing of task-relevant information, however, could rarely describe the CSE accurately.
在冲突任务中，如西蒙任务、埃里克森侧翼任务或斯特鲁普任务，与一致试验相比，不一致试验后一致性效应通常会降低：即一致性序列效应（CSE）。有人认为，CSE可能反映了在经历不一致试验相对于一致试验后，与任务相关信息的处理增加和/或与任务无关信息的抑制增加。在本研究中，我们通过在CSE背景下将冲突任务扩散模型（DMC）框架应用于侧翼任务和西蒙任务，为这一讨论做出了贡献。我们认为，DMC独立地对与任务相关和与任务无关的信息进行建模，因此是解开它们独特贡献的第一个很好的候选模型。作为第一种方法，我们使用四个实证侧翼任务数据集和两个西蒙任务数据集，将DMC联合或分别拟合到先前的一致或不一致试验中。对于侧翼任务，我们拟合了经典的DMC版本。对于西蒙任务，我们拟合了一个广义的DMC版本，该版本允许与任务无关的信息在回摆到零时低于基线。在考虑模型拟合后，我们提出了第二种方法，即实施一种认知控制机制来模拟与任务相关信息处理增加或与任务无关信息抑制增加的影响。两种方法都表明，抑制与任务无关的信息对于创建典型的CSE模式至关重要。然而，与任务相关信息处理的增加很少能准确描述CSE。
