Welty Nathan E, Gill Saar I
Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
JACC CardioOncol. 2022 Dec 20;4(5):563-578. doi: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2022.11.006. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Avoidance of immune destruction is recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer development. Although first predicted as a potential antitumor treatment modality more than 50 years ago, the widespread clinical use of cancer immunotherapies has only recently become a reality. Cancer immunotherapy works by reactivation of a stalled pre-existing immune response or by eliciting a de novo immune response, and its toolkit comprises antibodies, vaccines, cytokines, and cell-based therapies. The treatment paradigm in some malignancies has completely changed over the past 10 to 15 years. Massive efforts in preclinical development have led to a surge of clinical trials testing innovative therapeutic approaches as monotherapy and, increasingly, in combination. Here we provide an overview of approved and emerging antitumor immune therapies, focusing on the rich landscape of therapeutic approaches beyond those that block the canonical PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 axes and placing them in the context of the latest understanding of tumor immunology.
避免免疫破坏被认为是癌症发展的标志之一。尽管50多年前就首次预测其可能作为一种抗肿瘤治疗方式，但癌症免疫疗法的广泛临床应用直到最近才成为现实。癌症免疫疗法通过重新激活停滞的预先存在的免疫反应或引发从头开始的免疫反应来发挥作用，其工具包括抗体、疫苗、细胞因子和基于细胞的疗法。在过去10到15年里，一些恶性肿瘤的治疗模式已经完全改变。临床前开发的大量努力导致了大量临床试验的涌现，这些试验测试创新的治疗方法，包括单药治疗，以及越来越多的联合治疗。在这里，我们概述了已批准和新兴的抗肿瘤免疫疗法，重点关注除了阻断经典的PD-1/PD-L1和CTLA-4轴之外的丰富治疗方法，并将它们置于肿瘤免疫学最新理解的背景下。
